Chapter 9 World History
Terms
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- Duchy/Duke
- the divisions inGerman lands after the breakup of Charlemagnes Empire; they were the lands ruled by Dukes
- Louis 9
- 1) Unified France 2) outlawed private warfare 3) established a royal court to replace a fuedal court
- Humanism
- focus on what man can do; Renaissance humanism, inlike humanism today, did not abandon the belief in God
- Richard I aka Richard the Lion Hearted
- Inherited the throne from his father Henry IIand spent lots of money forgeign journeys such as the crusades
- Reconquest
- Christian Princes drove Muslims southwawrd and established a fuedal state throughout Iberian peninsula
- college Of Cardinals
- in an effort to end political involvment in appointments of Popes, a church council in the mid 11th century made up of a group leading clergymen responsible for selecting a pope
- Early Italy
- by 1300 waas divided into several regions and city-states with the pope ruling only the Papal States, but not unified
- Laymen
- people outside of the clergy who organized a religions order that carried out the policies of the Popes
- Roger Bacon
- great medieval scientist; English monk and philosopher, said thinkers were neglectign science; he predicted boats w/out oars, airplanes
- Troubadors
- poet-musicians at the castles and courts in Europe; wrote short verses and songs about the pleasures of life and love.
- Depose
- power of the Pope to remove Emporers from the throne
- Magna Carta
- Signed by Richard I.
- Donatello
- Statue of a young David, his works inspired Michelangelo
- Tempera
- paint used in Medieval art; dried to quickly
- Trial (petit) jury
- settled disputes
- Florence
- Seat or center of Italian Renaissance
- Jury System
- Took shape under Henry II
- Petrarch
- Italian poet; born 1304; loved Roman lit and history and collected ancient manuscripts
- Absolute Monarchy
- government where monarchy/ruler has complete power - as in France
- Patrons
- supporters for the arts
- Humanity
- study of subjects concerned about humans and culture as opposed to science such as Latin, Greek, Literature, composition, history, philosophy, and sometimes music and math
- Heirasy
- holding beliefs the the church considered wrong
- Sir Thomas More
- Write Utopia (means nowhere in Greek) in 1516 describing an ideal society
- Grand Jury
- determined if enough evidence existed to charge someone with a crime
- Holy Roman Empire
- in 962 Otto 1 was crowned Emporer of the Romans by the pope; the land ruled by the ruler was called Holy Roman Empire
- Geoffrey Chauser
- hinored as the father of English poetry becuase he was the first to write literary works in English.
- 1066
- Battle Of Hastings
- Michelangelo
- greatest sculpture of the Renaissance. "Pieta" - at age 23 he carved the statue Pieta in marble, showing Mary hloding Jesus' body after crucifixion
- Inquistition
- a Church court that searched for suspected heretics and put them on trail
- Perspective
- impression of depth and distance on a flat surface of a painting
- Friars
- monks who did not live in monasteries but wandered among the people preaching, begging and doing good works
- Fresco
- watercolor paintings on fresh plaster
- Dante
- greatest poet of the niddle ages, from florence, Italy
- Erasmus
- most respected and influential Northern Renaissance humanist. wrote "In Praise of Folly" criticisizing clergy for being narrow minded
- Limited Monarchy
- In which limits are set on a ruler's powers - as in England