Music Appreciation quiz #1
Terms
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- Duple
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Type of meter/time signature. basic metrical pattern of two beats to a measure.
2/4 - triple
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type of meter/signature. Three beats to a measure.
3/4 - quadruple
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type of meter/signature.
4/4 - Binary form
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Two-part form with each section normally repeated. AKA two-part form.
Has: "A" (verse) then "B" (chorus). - Ternary form
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"A" (verse) then "B" (chorus) then "A" verse.
Also known as "three part form". - Monophony
- The simplest type of texture. A single melodic line, a single voice, with no accompaniment
- Polyphony
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A type of texture. 2 or more independent melodic lines overlapping. Based on counterpoint.
1. imitative polyphony: singing the same melody with a different entrance point.
2. counter-melody - Homophony
- A type of texture. 1 melody with accompaniment (melody on top). A single voice takes over the melodic interest, while accompanying parts take a subordinate role.
- Diatonic
- a type of tonality. Notes inside the key area.
- Chromatic
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Music has notes outside the key area.
Chromatic scale: 11 notes - Major scale
- Scale consisting of several different tones that comprise a specific pattern of whole and half steps. It differs from a minor scale primarily in that its third degree is raised a half step.
- Minor scale
- scale consisting of seven different tones that comprise a different pattern of whole and half steps. It differs from the major scale primarily in that its third degree is lowered a half step.
- melodic contour: Disjunct melody
- melodies that move in a disconnected or disjointed intervals. a melody with lots of skips/leaps (all over the place)
- conjunct melody
- Melodies that move primarily by small intervals in a joined connected manner. mostly stepwise motion (up then down scale)
- Voice types: soprano
- High
- Voice types: Alto
- Medium-high
- Voice types: tenor
- medium-low
- Voice types: Bass
- low
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Instrumental classification:
aerophone - instruments that use air to create sounds (clarinets, flute, voice, organ)
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Instrumental classification:
Chordophones - Bowed and plucked instruments whose sound is produced by the vibration of one or more strings. (violin, guitar, bass, piano, banjo)
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Instrumental classification:
Memambrophones - use a skin or a membrane (drum, timpani)
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Instrumental classification:
Idiophones - uses the material of the instrument tomake sound (cymbals, bells, xylophones)
- What are the 4 instrumental classifications?
- aerophones, chordophones, memambrophones, idiophones
- what are the 4 instrumental groups?
- woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion
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Instrumental ensembles:
woodwinds - flute, double reed, single reed
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Instrumental ensembles:
bass - trumpet, trombone, tuba, french horn
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Instrumental ensembles:
string quartet - 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello. Also a multimovement composition for this ensemble.
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Music time periods:
middle ages -
400-1450 (medieval)
- codification begins; beginnings of polyphony.
- Gregorian chant -
Music time periods:
Renaissance -
1450-1600
- Age of polyphony -
Music time periods:
Baroque -
1600-1750
- the first opera produced
- ends when Bach dies -
Medieval music:
Gregorian chant -
From the medieval time period.
codified by pope gregory, lived 509-604.
Influenced by jewish music. also had greece, syria, and mesopotamia influence. -
Medieval music:
Polyphony - began in the 8th/9th century. Paralell organum was the first form of polyphony.
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Medieval music:
Notre Dame School -
Composers: Leonin, Perotin.
Innovations: motets used as rhythmic modes, cantus firmus, duplum secundum
genres: motets -
Secular music:
Ars Nova -
Increasing separation between church and state. Means "new art".
Composer: machaut
Style: secular music
Subject matter: -
Secular music:
Minstrels - troubadors (south france), trouvere (north france), jongleur (lower france).
- Bas vs. haut
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bas = soft = indoor music
haut = laud = outdoor music -
Genres:
Chant -
Consists of a single-line melody. In other words it monophonic in texture, lacking harmony and counterpoint
in latin, long drawn out note, melismatic. -
Genres:
Mass -
One of the services of the Roman Catholic church. The most solemn ritual of the church. It's recited at the end of the service. The collection of prayers that make up the mass can be divided into two categories: the proper and the ordinary. in latin
MASS
ordinary:
1. kyrie 2. gloria 3. credo 4. sanctus 5. agnus dei
proper:
1. hymns/readings 2. motets -
Genres:
Motet -
any short sacred text in latin that is not from the ordinary, a setting other than ordinary.
polyphonic vocal genre, secular in the middle ages, but sacred or devotional thereafter. - Hildegard von Bingen
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1098-2279.
Raised in a very religious family. part of an abess, a renowned mystic (able to foretell future). lived during the medieval period, late 9th century. Founded a convent in Germany. Regarded as a saint by the church. Her music style resembles Gregorian chant. Composed Alleluia. Wrote down prophecies in "Scivias". She composed poetry wiht music in "Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations". - Leonin
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first composer of polyphonic music. Wrote the great book of organum.
part of the notre dame school. lived during the end of the 11th century. He created:
- motets using rhythmic modes = type of melody used
- original chant, augmented rhythmically.
- cantus firmus = an early chant, elongated
- duplum secundum/secundus: newly composed lines - Perotin
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The successor of leonin. Expanded the dimensions of organum by increasing the number of voice parts, first to three then to four. part of notre dame school. lived during beginning of 12th century. He created:
multitextual motets (semi-sacred)
- used cantus firmus - Machaut
- born in northern france. Was a famous poet, worked in religious services. composed many monophonic songs that used fixed forms.
- Alleluia
- by Hildegard. starts with male voice, then several, latin, motet, monophonic, melismatic, sacred
- Gaude Maria Virgo
- by Notre Dame School, organum. latin, polyphonic, melismatic, cantus firmus, duplum secundus (the middle part), triplum (the higher part). rhythmic modes
- puis qu'en oubli
- by Machaut. has fixed form, melismatic, french language (secular), polyphonic music
- Consonance
- concordant or harmonious combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music.
- Dissonance
- Combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable, in need of resolution.
- Sonata-allegro form
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the opening movement of the multi-movement cycle, consisting of themes that are stated in the first section (exposition), developed in the second section (development), and restated in the third section (recapitulation).
Also known as sonata form or first-movement form - Orchestra
- performing group of diverse instruments in various cultures; in western art music, an ensemble of multiple strings with various woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments.
- organum
- earliest polyphonic music. Developed from the custom of adding a second voice that ran above or below the gregorian melody at the interval of a fifth or fourth.