Large Animal Horses

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What is the normal TPR of a horse?: T - 99-101.5
P - 28-44
R - 6-12
Where do you find the pulse in a horse?: Facial artery - ventral mandible
What are the heart sounds catergorized as?: S1 = "lub"
S2 = "dub"
Always approach a horse from where?: Front Left Side

**avoid blind spots**
When restraining a horse what are the precautions you need to take?: >Never stand directly in front/back
>Don't stand b/t horse/wall
>Restrain away from hazards
>BE PATIENT
Tail restraint is best used on what type of horse?: >foals
>small ponies
What are the 2 theories on twitching?: >Acupressure - endorphins calm
>Distracting - keeps attention on you
What is a natural twitch?: Using hands to pinch neck/shoulder skin, or ear base or upper lip
How does a mechanical twitch work?: Clamps even pressure on lips
What is a tail tie used for?: anesthetic procedure to help steady during recovery
What does borborygmi mean?: gurgling, burgling gut sounds
For abdo auscultation how many quadrants do you divide the abdo into?: 4
How long do you listen to gut sounds? How many contractions per minute?: >minimum 1 minute
>1-3 contractions
Quantify motility of the gut?: 0-no sounds
1-fewer sounds than normal, hypomtility
2-normal
3-hypermotility
Where do you look for mucous membranes in the horse?: gums
nose
conjunctiva of eyes
vulva on female
1 hand = ____?: 4 inches
You measure a horses height from?: ground to withers
Distal limb bandaging of horses is usually due to?: usually for inflammation
>wounds, swelling
Tail Wraps on horses are used for?: >procedures
>during birth
>working alone
Monitor bandages daily for?: >heat
>pain
>additional swelling
>animal biting at bandage
>lameness increases
What are some ways to medicate the horse?: >add to feed
>dose syringe
>nasogastric intubation
>parenteral injections
What are some positives for adding meds to feed?: avoids restraint, less stressful for both patient and medicator
Where do you dispense meds with a dose syringe?: Dispense in cheek

**avoid incisors - will bite**
5 R's of meds?: 1-right patient
2-right drug
3-right dose
4-right route
5-right location
What is the max dosage for large muscles?: 15ml
What is the max dosage for small muscles?: 5-10ml
What gauge needle do you use for IM injection in horses?: 18-22g

**19g most common**
What is the best techniques to use when administering an IM injection in a horse?: pop the needle in the muscle without the syringe
What are the IM locations for horses?: Lateral cervical
Pectoral
Triceps
Gluteals
Semitendinosus
What is the most common IM injection site?: lateral cervical
Do not use the lateral cervical for IM injections in what type of horses?: performace horses
foals
What is the max dosage for the lateral cervical for an IM injection?: 15ml
What is the max dosage for the pectoral muscles for IM injection?: 5ml
Which muscle is the last resort for IM injections?: triceps
What are the landmarks for a gluteal IM injection?: spine and greater trochar

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Number of cards 35