Cold War 1945-1990
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Berlin Wall
- August 1961 Khrushchev builds a wall separating East and West Berlin; hoping to pressure allies out of Berlin but Kennedy stays strong
- Cambodia 1975
- Khmer Rouge communist regime of Pol Pot takes over brutally; huge civil war rages
- Augusto Pinochet
- Military ruler in Chile after ousting Allende; US likes his free-market economy and anti-communism but Carter doesn't like his human rights violations
- Military industrial complex
- Ike's warning of a conspiracy between military and economy to create war in order to make contractors wealthy
- Sino-Soviet Split
- Mao disagrees with Khrushchev's cooperation with US; struggling for dominance among communists
- Robert McNamara
- Kennedy's Secretary of Defense
- Czechoslovakia 1968
- Dubcek's reforms worry Soviets so they crush his reforms August 21; example of Brezhnev Doctrine in action; condemned by world as extreme
- Iran Contra Scandal
- In order to get out hostages, Reagan sold arms to Iran through Israel and the money was going to the Contra rebels I Guatamala
- Non-Proliferation Treaty
- UN General Assembly treaty that nuclear weapons will not be spread or developed, only nuclear energy could be improved
- Reagan Doctrine
- US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes; applied in Nicaragua, Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan
- Intermediate Nuclear Force
- abolished all intermediate-range nuclear missiles; first ever actual abolition of existing nuclear weapons
- Green Berets
- Kennedy's special forces sent to VietNam to help train south Vietnamese; were not supposed to be combat forces but sometimes it came to that
- Inter-American Peace Force
- sector of OAS created in response to Dominican Republic to be used to maintain peace in Latin American members in time of turmoil.
- Hot line
- direct phone line between Khrushchev and Kennedy; result of Cuban Crisis; shows their relationships becomes very close
- Nuclear test ban treaty
- July 1963 all powers except France and China agree to stop testing in atmosphere, space and underwater
- Strategic Defense Initiative
- Reagan's Star Wars defense system to shoot down missiles while they're in space
- Henry Kissinger
- Nixon's Secretary of State; hugely involved in Vietnam and detente
- Bay of Pigs
- Kennedy allows CIA to send Cuban exiles in to take out Castro but it fails badly
- Golf of Tonkin Incident
- Beginning of VietNam; Johnson uses alleged attack on US destroyers in Gulf as opportunity to get resolution allowing him to send unlimited troops to Vietnam
- Salvador Allende
- elected Marxist in Chile, economic reforms anger US and don't improve economy because US makes it difficult; is
- Ping Pong Diplomacy
- Nixon sends US athletes to China to help ease tensions between the two
- Grenada 1983
- Reagan sends in forces to put down communist government and protect US students there; big preying on the little?
- Adlai Stevenson
- UN Ambassador
- Mayaguez
- During Ford; Khmer Rouge seize US merchant ship for 'spying;' Ford sends in troops to rescue crew
- SALT I
- Brezhnev and Nixon halt further production of certain types of missiles and bombs
- Dean Rusk
- Secretary of State
- Pueblo Incident 1968
- North Koreans capture US intelligence ship and 82 members; negotiated peacefully because Johnson was already in Vietnam
- Détente progress
- Outer Space Treaty 1967; Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968; Seabed Pact 1971; Biological Warfare Treaty 1972; SALT I ; more economic cooperation
- Non-alignment movement
- started in India of countries that did not want to be on either side of the Cold War; irony in Cuban's membership shows its uselessness
- Cuban Missile Crisis results
- downfall of Khrushchev; Sino-Soviet Split; Cuban dependence on USSR and loss of US recognition; hot-line; test ban treaty
- Maxwell Taylor
- Joint Chief
- Carter Doctrine
- Warning that any attempt by outside forces to gain control of the Persian Gulf would be met with military force from the US; created because Soviets were in Afghanistan and too close to Persian Gulf oil
- Brezhnev Doctrine
- Brezhnev says USSR has the right to help communist governments fighting against rebels; results in Czech 1968 and Afghanistan in 1979
- Vietnamization
- Nixon's plan to gradually pull out of Vietnam
- Alliance for Progress
- Kennedy's Marshall Plan for Latin America to establish democratic governments, land reform, economic and social planning; US pledges $20 billion contribution; money wasn't used the way it was intended
- Afghanistan 1979
- they try to rebel and Soviets crush them; Carter puts embargo on grain; boycotts Moscow Olympics
- Vienna Summit
- June 1961 just after Bay of Pigs, Kennedy and Khrushchev meet; Khrushchev attempts to push Kennedy around - leading to Berlin Wall and Cuban crisis
- Chile
- US pays opposition of Allende and messes up his economy; leads to Pinochet violently taking over and crushing rebellion
- Problems with détente
- Afghanistan; Iran; USSR in Africa; Vietnam; Carter human rights activist; NATO countries increase in defense contribution
- START
- dealt with long-range missiles; Bush and Gorgachev; recution in long-range nuclear missiles
- Alexander Dubcek
- Communist Party Secretary of Czechoslovakia; loosens strict rules; permits criticism of government; assures loyalty to USSR; gets kicked out
- Nixon Doctrine
- Nixon promises to provide assistance to Asian countries but without troops
- Camp David Peace Accords 1978
- Carter brings Egyptian and Israeli leader together to work out peace negotiations; led to Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty
- Peace corps
- Kennedy's organization to mobilize American idealism and technical skills to help developing nations; sends young college kids to other countries to spread American good will
- Dominican Republic
- Civil war competition with military and communists; Johnson sends in troops to establish democracy; first US military involvement in Latin Am. in 30 years
- SALT II
- planned reduction in missiles that is canceled when Soviets invade Afghanistan