World Civ Exam 2 Names
Terms
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- Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Japan ruler, set up a government that lasted into the 19th century. Shogun in Tokugawa Shogunate.
- Kangxi
- Kind, made a library. Chinese ruler in the Qing dynasty. Met the expectations of Chinese and Manchu elites.
- Lord George Macartney
- Sent by British King George III on a mission to China to secure a place for British traders to live near the tea-producing areas. Would not erform kowtow (kneeling and bowing), was denied an audience in the palace.
- Yangban
- Hereditary aristocrats at the top of Korean society. Owned most of land and government positions.
- Yi Songgye
- Korean general, saved the country from Japanese pirates. Staged a coup and seized the throne, founding the Choson (Yi) Dynasty. Made Seoul capital
- Yoshimasa
- Japanese shogun. Built the Silver Pavilion. Instituted tea.
- Zeami
- Japanese actor and playwright, wrote on the aesthetic theory of No. Said the most meaningful moments came during silence.
- Oda Nobunaga
- Samurai of the lesser daimyo class, built his retainer band from masterless samurai. Motto was "rule by force". Forced to commit suicide.
- C.P. Thunberg
- Swedish scientist, physician to the Dutch at Deshima. Japanese looked on him as a scientific oracle, plied him with questions.
- Geishas
- Accomplished persons. Attractive/talented girls trained in singing, dancing, and conversational arts. Became courtesans
- Ihara Saikaku
- Japanese, wrote stories of the foibles of townspeople in "Five Women who Loved Love" and "The Life of an Amorous Man".
- Pius IX
- Pope, gave support for unification of Italy until he was driven from Rome during an upheaval. Wrote "Syllabus of Errors", denounced rationalism, socialism, seperation of church and state, and religious liberty.
- Jeremy Bentham
- Radical English philosopher. Taught that public problems should be dealt with on a rational, scientific basis, according to the "greatest good for the greatest number."
- Edwin Chadwick
- Benthamite (follower of Bentham). Became convinced that disease and death caused poverty. Believed that disease could be prevented by sanitation.
- Miasmatic Theory
- The belief that people contract disease when they breathe the bad odors of decay and putrefying excrement.
- Louis Pasteur
- Developed the germ theory of disease. French chemist. Said fermentation could be suppressed by pasteurization.
- Robert Koch
- German doctor, developed pure cultures of harmful bacteria and described their life cycles.
- Dmitri Mendeleev
- Russian chemist, codified the rules of chemistry in the periodic law and table, provided the basis for organic chemistry.
- Michael Faraday
- Made discoveres in electromagnetism, which resulted in the first dynamo (generator)
- Emile Zola
- French novelist, strict determinist, realist
- Leo Tolstoy
- Greatest Russian novelist. Combined realism with atypical moralizing, wrote "War and Peace"
- Theodor Herzl
- Jewish journalist, turned from German nationalism to advocate Zionism.
- Edward Bernstein
- Socialist. Wrote "Evolutionary Socialism", said Marx's predictions of ever-growing poverty or workers had been proved false.
- Jean Jaures
- France, socialist leader. A gradualist.
- Heinrich von Treitschke
- German nationalist historian
- Rudyard Kipling
- Most influential British writer of 1890s, wrote about Anglo-Indian life.
- J.A. Hobson
- Radical English economist, wrote "Imperialism"
- Joseph Conrad
- Polish-born novelist wrote "Heart of Darkness", against civilizing Africa.
- Tanzimat
- Constitution and short-lived parliament started by an Ottoman statesman. Designed to make the empire into a Western model.
- Muhammed Ali
- Albanian-born Turkish general in Egypt. Policies of modernization attracted Europeans to the Nile.
- Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
- Teacher and writer, lived in Cairo, preached Islamic regeneration and defense against Western/Christian aggression. Believed Islam iembodied modern rationalism
- Muhammad Abduh
- Searched for Muslim rejuvenation and launched the modern Islamic reform movement. Said Muslims should return to the purity of the earliest, most essential doctrines of Islam
- Qasim Amin
- Writer, found inspiration in the West. Wrote "The Liberation of Women", said superior education for European women had contributed greatly to the Islamic world's falling far behind the West.
- Great Mutiny
- Indian. Groups of sepoys revolved in what the British called "great mutiny" and the Indians called "great revolt"
- Matthew Perry
- Commodore, steamed into Edo (Tokyo) and demanded diplomatic negotiations with the emperor. Forced the Japanese to share their ports and behave as a "civilized"nation
- Toussaint l'Ouverture
- Freed slave. Led a revolution in Haiti, aroused elite fears of black revolt and warfare.
- Simon Bolivar
- Military leader. Offered slaves their freedom in exchange for military service.
- John O'Sullivan
- Editor of "United States Magazine and Democratic Review". Declared that foreign poewrs were trying to prevent American annexation of Texas.
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Mexico surrendered its claims to Texas, gave up New Mexico and California, and recognized the Rio Grande as the international border
- Herbert G. Gutman
- Wrote "The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom", said that African Americans had strong family units despite slavery.
- Jacob Riis
- Newspaper reporter, Denmark immigrant. Wrote "How the Other Half Lives", drew national attention to New York's slums
- Edward Hargraves
- Australian-born prospector discovered gold in a creek in the Blue Mountains called Ophir. Gold fever convulsed Australia.