Fluids & Electrolytes 2
Terms
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- Insensible fluid losses
- Fluid losses from the skin & lungs
- Sensible fluid losses
- Fluid losses from urination, defecation, wounds etc & can be measured
- List the 3 basic fluid compartments
- Intracellular & Extracellular (composed of Interstitial & Intravascular)
- Normal saline solution is considered ___tonic, because the concentration of Na in the solution nearly equals the concentration of Na in the blood.
- Isotonic
- A solution of dextrose 5% in normal saline solution is considered ___tonic, because the concentration of solutes in the solution is greater than the concentration of solutes in the blood.
- Hypertonic
- Half normal saline solution is considered ___tonic, because the concentration of Na in the solution is lower than the concentration of Na in the blood.
- Hypotonic
- If a hypotonic fluid is given to a patient, it may cause too much fluid to move from the ___ into the ___, causing ____.
- it may cause too much fluid to move from the veins to into the cells, causing the cells to swell.
- If a hypertonic solution is given to a patient, it may cause too much fluid to be pulled ___ cells into the ___, causing ___.
- it may cause too much fluid to be pulled from cells into the bloodstream, causing the cells to shrink.
- Diffusion
- solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which eventually results in an equal distribution of solutes within the two areas.
- Osmosis
- passive movement of fluid across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration and comparatively more fluid into an area of higher solute concentration and comparatively less fluid.
- Capillary filtration
- Movement of fluids through capillaries
- Hydrostatic pressure
- blood pushes against the capillary walls causing pressure which forces fluid & solutes through capillary wall.
- Albumin
- A large protein molecule that remains behind when fluid filters through capillary walls. As it's concentration inside the capillary increases, it acts as a magnet to attract water back into the capillary.
- plasma colloid osmotic pressure
- the osmotic/pulling force of albumin in the intravascular space. Avg: 25mm Hg
- ADH
- Antidiurectic Hormone - produced by the hypothalamus & stored & released by the posterior pituitary gland