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gilded age
lasting from 1870's-1890s marked by political corruption and extravagant spending. was given name by mark twain
the howdy doody show
most popular children's show of the 1950's
18th amendment
made it illegal to sell alcohol drinks
Civilian Conservation Corps
by FDR. Gave young unemployed men jobs in fixing land and erosion problems.
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- A pact that served to freeze the numbers of long-range nuclear missles for five years in 1972. This treaty between Nixon (U.S.), China, and the Soviet Union served to slow the arms race that had been going on between these nations since World War II.
sputnik
The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US.
imperialism
race for colonies
battle of the bulge
1944 1945-WWII battle in which the Allied forces ended Germany's ability to wage an offensive war
marshall plan
american plan to help european nationas rebuild their economies after WWII. named after secretary of state George Marshall in western europe
blitzkrieg
swift [surprise] attacks launched by germany in WWII blitz-lightning kreig-war = lightning war
fall of saigon
battle where North Vietnam captured capital of South Vietnam and named it Ho Chi Mihn City
lyndon johnson
president after Kennedy died, started new round of reform known as Great Society, which included medicare and medicaid
Nazi
a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party
north korea
a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula
william "boss" tweed
banker. political boss of New York who used corruption to cheat the city out of over 100 million; he was later arrested and executed by thomas nast
hawks
people who supported the war's goal
Herbert Hoover
31 pres. republican. pres during great depressin. put in charge of relief effort after war. fantastic organizer
general douglas macarthur
led US and Filipino forces stand against the Japanese invasion. general/commander of philippine forces and pacific.
iwo jima
a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)
dreadnought
british built battleship that was heavily armed. starts armrace that leads to WWI. means fear not.
ho chi minh trial
a network of jungle paths. the north vietnamese used the ho chi minh trial to bring weapons abd supplies into south vietnam
watergate affiar
scandel where police caught 5 men breaking into democratic party headquarters in the watergate apartment building in DC (june 17, 1942)
U.S.S arizona
battleship that sank (with 1000 some sailors) resting place for the ones who lost their lives on pearl harbor
dienbienphu
place in Vietnam, where the French forces were defeated in 1954. Their defeat led to France's withdraw.
joseph pulitzer
hungarian immigrant. published New York World. one of the original yellow journalists; constantly competed with hearst for circulation of newspaper
nikita khrushchev
became Soviet Leader after Stalins death. agreed to withdrawn their missiles in Cuba
gerald ford
from michigan. became 38th president after nixon resigned.
bataan death march
Japanese marched more than 70,000 Americans + Filipinos 65 miles across the Bataan Peninsula to prison camps. most died on the way. little food and water.
monopoly
company that controls entire industry
19th amendment
gave women right to vote
ronald reagan
40th pres. At beginning of his presidency, he spent millions on arms, toward the end, he ended the arms race
thomas edison
inventor. improved/refined lighbulb (incandescent flourescent) recording systems, projectors
spanish american war
an 1898 conflict between the united states and spain, in which the united states supported cubans' fight for indepedence. started because of yellow journalism and the explosion of U.S.S. maine
the triple alliance
Hungary, Austria, Germany, Italy
jimmy carter
39th pres. former governer of Georgia. became president after Ford.
i love lucy
most popular situation comedy in the history of television
ellis island
immigrants coming from Europe went to. located in NYC
Ayatollah khomeini
Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy
Nazi Soviet Pact
agreement signed between hitler and stalin in 1939 which the 2 dictators agreed not to attack eachother
cold war
when 2 countries compete for world power but do not clash directly in battle
alan shepard
1st American in space; May, 1961
agression
any warlike act by one county against another without a just cause
vietcong
guerillas who opposed diem
tet offensive
january 1968 attack on cities throughout south vietnam
battle of midway
battle in pacific. fought by naval air forces. 1st battle japanese lose! june 1942
OPEC
an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum
Black Tuesday
oct. 29, 1929. day stock market crashed. start of great depression. stock prices went down because no buyers.
alger hiss
state department offical. was accused of giving secret government documents to the Soviets
U.S.S. Maddox
After a short career in World War II and participation in the Korean War, this ship was involved in the Gulf of Tonkin incident that led to the start of the Vietnam War.
saigon
capitol of south vietnam
july 20, 1969
What was the date when Neil armstrong walked on the moon.
38th parallel
following WWII, korea was divided into north and south along this
baby boom
great surge in the number of births following WWII
nationalism
pride in one's country
lend lease act
law that allowed the US to sell arms and equipment to Britain during WWII
U.S.S. maine
US war ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
nuremberg trials
nazi war crime trials, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime. 1945-46
NATO (north atlantic treaty organization)
alliance formed in 1949 by the US and Western europe nationas to fight soviet aggressions
berlin wall
built to stop pple from leaving the eastern section of the former german capital
Allies
WWII military alliance of Britain, France, Soviet Union, US, China, 45 other countries
bay of pigs
failed invasion of cuba in 1961
guerilla warfare
Hit and run raids.
chiang kai shek
former Nationalist leader of China who fled to Taiwan after Mao Zedong took over
woodrow wilson
born in va. 28th president. gets us into WWI. progressive president during WWI. came up with fourteen points and league of nations
selective service system
independent federal agency in the executive branch. Selective Service works to register all males in the United States, between the ages of 18 1/2 to 26,to make sure that the Armed Forces can be adequately supplied with people in case of a crisis in national security.
perjery
lying under oath is to be guilty of this
harry truman
US president when WWII ended. made truman doctrine.
kamikaze
a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II
neil armstrong
1st man to walk on the moon.
mao zedong
Chinese communist leader
Tennessee Valley Authority
public works project on tenessee river. series of dams built to control flooding through out tenesse valley
trust
group of corporations run by single board of directors
henry ford
made model t. invented moving assembly line. rasied salary of employees. $5/week
Social Security Act
act of congress. set up system of pensions for older people. set aside money in same way money deducted in paycheck.
the triple entente
French, England, Russia. (entente=french word)
william hearst
published New York Journal. one of the original yellow journalists; constantly competed with pulitzer for circulation of newspaper; runs the story of the USS Maine, starting the Span-Amer war
ngo dinh diem
noncommunist leader of south vietnam
senator joseph mccarthy
1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists
general dwight eisenhower
military commander of an allied forces
ho chi minh
leader of north vietnam. vietnamese nationalist and a communist who led the fight for independence during the 1940s. his army defeated the french in 1954
gulf war
a dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution
Jospeh Stalin
leader of soviet union. dictator
D Day
June 6, 1944.the day the Allies invaded Normandy, France during WWII
rosie the riveter
fictional woman who was symbol or working woman during WWII
doves
people who opposed the war.
william howard taft
served in cabinet. governer of philippine island.27th president (fattest). appointed cheif justice. starts projects and builds supreme court building.
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
government agency that directs the american space program
warsaw pact
military alliance of the soviet union and other communist states in europe. established in 1955
ernest hemingway
an American writer of fiction who lived in paris and won Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. important today/part of lost generation. wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and Farewell to Arms.
pull factor
factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country
pearl harbor
american naval base attacked by japan on december 7 1941
arms race
a competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments
Winston Churchill
Soldier, politician and finally prime minister. was one of Britain's greatest 20th-century heroes. He is particularly remembered for his indomitable spirit while leading Great Britain to victory in World War II.
Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean with no map, parachute, or radio
gulf of tonkin resolution
congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in vietnam [SCAM!]
assassination of JFK
took place in Dallas, Texas on november 22, 1963
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II
hanoi
capitol of north vietnam
treaty of versailles
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. main reason of WWII and hitler came to power. RETRIBUTION
Neutrality Acts
1937-outlawed selling/loaning arms to other countries, merchant ships from setting sail on unclaimed terr. Was made to protect from war
Facism
a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition. blind loayalty to the state
militarism
arms race. who can have bigger better deadliest powerful weapons.
demilitarized zone (DMZ)
in 1954, vietnam was divided into north and south along this
f. scott fitzgerald
buried at St. Mary's Church(Rockville) writer who wroteabout teens with drugs/alcohol. wrote The Great Gatsby
push factor
factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one
united nations
world organization established in 1945 to provide peaceful resolutions to international conflicts
south korea
a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula
teddy roosevelt
president helped built panaml canal. leader of rough riders during spanish/american war. built great naval fleet.
john kennedy
president who led bay of pigs invasion, led us through Cuban Missle Crisis, formed Peace Corps, tried to push through many bills to help the poor but congress rejected most of them
fidel castro
led the revolution of Cuba and took control of Cuba in 1959; resented past dictators; made Cuba communist
Escalation
expanded
battle of britain
germanys failed attempt to subdue Britain in 1940 in preparation for invasion
Soup Kitchen
places where the hungry could get a free meal.
iranian hostage crisis
1979 kidnapping of American Embassy hostages in Iran. It lasted for more than a year.
National Recovery Administration
Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy.It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours.
Axis
military alliance of Japan, Italy, Germany, and 6 other nations
richard nixon
Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States. resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974. his mistake - getting caught!
hiroshima and nagasaki
places where bombs were dropped. H-1st to have atomic bomb dropped. N-last place. wiped out whole place
containment
to keep soviet influence contained within existing boundaries
satellite nation
a country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation
korean war
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator/leader
yellow journalism
sensational ournalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. what got us into spanish/american war.
Dust Bowl
1934-major dust storms through Great Plains (Kansas Oklahoma. destroyed natural grass. wind scoop dried soil, lift in air, keeps moving south--dust everywhere. dirt filling houses..causes people to move west to California
levittown
large post-WWII housing project built in long island, ny where the houses were all alike
beatniks
small group of writers and artists criticized what they saw as the growing materialm of american society and its lack of individuality
berlin airlift
cut off from the west, citizens of Berlin were supplied with food and fuel by this
silent majority
americans who were disturbed by the unrest of the 60's but didnt protest
alexander graham bell
inventor; patented the telephone scottish born speech teacher who also worked with the hearing impaired
Totalitarianism
single party. controls government and every aspect of peoples lives. ex: old soviet union. communist china
munich conference
1938-Meeting between British,French,and German leaders in which Germany was given control of the Sudetenland in exchange for German leader Hitler's promise to make no more claimes on European . (appease hitler)
U Boat
german submarine used in WWI and WWII
truman doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communist expansion in turkey and greece
iron curtain
an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy. used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries

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