KIDNEY ANATOMY
Terms
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- The urinary system consists of what 3 major structures?
- kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder
- The primary function of the kidney is
- ion/water balance, and elimination of urea, blood pH regulation, blood pressure, removal of toxins
- What is the functional unit of the kidney?
- nephrons
- Initial urine forms by filtration in what part of the nephron?
- Bowman's capsule
- Each Bowman's capsule surrounds a capillary bed call the _____?
- glomerulus
- The first section of the nephron is what?
- proximal tubule
- The proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of what?
- Na+ and glucose, and most of the water reabsorbed from the urine
- The proximal tubule actively secretes what that is identified by the liver
- toxins
- The second unit in the nephron is what?
- Loop of Henle
- The Loop of Henle's function is what?
- NaCl/urea concentration gradient is established, some water reabsorption
- The third unit in the nephron is what?
- distal tubule
- The distal tubule's function is what?
- ion transport, some water reabsorption, buffers urine
- The final region of the nephron is what?
- collecting duct
- The collecting duct's function is what?
- water reabsorption
- Final urine contains what?
- little water, no glucose or amino acids, abundant urea, toxins, and ions found in excess in the body.
- Reabsorption in the collecting duct is enchanced by what heurohormone of the posterior pituitary gland?
- vasopressin
- The kidney actively regulates blood pressure through the ________ ________ ____________ system.
- Renin-Angiotensin_Aldosterone system.
- What is Renin?
- A hormone secreted by the kidney when pressure drops and filtration is compromised.
- What is Angiotensin II?
- A hormone that causes arteriolar vasoconstriction to increase BP
- What is Aldosterone
- A steroid hormone of the adrenal gland that increases Na+ uptake and water retention causing extracellular fluid volume
- What is released from the heart that promotes Na excretion and water loss to lower extracellular fluid volume?
- Atrial natriuretic peptide
- Each kidney has about how many nephrons?
- 1 million
- Define filtration
- the process by which water and dissolved particles are pulled from blood
- Ammonia and many drugs are removed from the blood during
- tubular secretion
- The proximal tubule is where most of what is reabsorbed
- filtered salts and water
- Glomerular filtration rate is what?
- a passive process and is determined by a net filtration pressure
- What major ion is ACTIVELY reabsorbed by the tubule?
- Sodium
- What electrolyte is secreted in the distal convoluted tubule?
- Potassium
- Antibiotics and food additives are removed from the body by what?
- base transport system
- What must be present for the osmotic movement of water from the collecting duct
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin
- What increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubule?
- Parathormone
- Lab values for urine
-
specific gravity 1,000-1.045
pH 4.8-7.5
glucose 0 - What is the product of broken down hemoglobin causing yellor to be pale yellow?
- urochrome
- Follow blood from start to end in the kidney
- Renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles vasa recta, veins