Psych Prep Key Terms- Memory
Terms
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- sensory memory v. STM v. LTM
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sensory memory: storing sensory input as a visual or auditory image, 1/2-4 sec.
STM: up to 30 sec., primary (passive) and working (manipulates)
LTM: recent (2 weeks), remote (2 yrs. or more) - rehearsal v. chunking
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strategies to increase ability to remember
rehearsal: deliberate repetition
chunking: transforming separate items into meaningful units - iconic v. echoic
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iconic: visual images
echoic: sounds - recent v. remote memory
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two types of long-term memory
recent memory: 2 weeks
remote memory: 2 yrs. or more - Zeigarnik effect v. redintegration
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Zeigarnik effect: tendency to remember and unconsciously work on incomplete tasks
redintegration: remembering when something like a smell from childhood unlocks a rapid chain of memories - semantic v. episodic memory
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semantic memory: recall of the meaning of words, facts, and how they relate to each other
episodic memory: recall of autobiographical events or when and where a specific even occurred - procedural v. declarative memory
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procedural (implicit): recollection of skills, physcial operations, and procedures that occurs automatically w/o conscious awareness
declarative (explicit): conscious recollection of information or experience, includes semantic and episodic - long term potentiation
- the physiological process by which short-term memories become long-term memories resulting from repeated stimulation of a synapse thru rehearsal that leads to chemical and structural changes in the dendrite of the receiving neuron whereby this change results in increased sensitivity of the neuron to stimulation
- retroactive v. proactive inhibition
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retroactive inhibition (interference): when recently learned material interferes with the ability to recall material learned in the past
proactive inhibition (inhibition): when previously learned material interferes with the ability to learn or recall current material - mnemonic devices
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method of loci: involves forming a visual image of items on a list and putting each in a specific place as one mentally walks thru a room
pegword system: involves memorizing a set of 10 visual images that can be pegs on which to hang ideas
word association: involves forming words or sentences with the first letter of the items being memorized
substitute word system: involves breaking down the words into parts and substituting familiar words that can be visualized