Jackson Era
Terms
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- William H. Crawford
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former congressman from Georgia
limited federal government
strong state powers
defended slavery
poor health - Andrew Jackson
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favorite son
hero of War of 1812
spoke for Americans who had been left out of politics - Henry Clay
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Speaker of House of Reps
fought for his program of internal improvements, high tariffs, strong national bank - John Quincy Adams
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son of John Adams
believed federal government should actively help the nation shift from an economy based on farming to one based on manufacturing - Democratic-Republicans
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supported Jackson
states'rights
mistrusted strong central government - National Republicans
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supported Adams
strong central government
supported federal measures - John C. Calhoun
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served as Adam's vice president
switched parties to run with Jackson in election of 1828
argued state or group of states had right to nullify federal laws it considered unconstitutional - Daniel Webster
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Webster-Hayne Debate
argued nullification could only mean end of the Union
Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. - Force Bill
- allowed president to use the U.S. military to enforce acts of Congress
- Nullification Act
- South Carolina state legislature passed this, declaring that it would not pay the "illegal" tariffs of 1828 and 1832
- Tariff of Abominations
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Manufacturers welcomed this tariff, because this tariff placed high tax on imported goods so Americans would buy American-made goods
Southerners called this tariff this name. Traded cotton for manufactured goods,and the new tariff would make items more expensive - Indian Removal Act
- act allowed federal government to pay Native Americans to move west
- Indian Territory
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created by Congress
area in present-day Oklahoma for Native Americans from Southeast - Worcester v. Georgia
- Georgia ignored treaties and refused to recogize Cherokee laws. Cherokee sued state government and took case to Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled Georgia had no right to interfere with Cherokee, but Andrew Jackson ignored its ruling.
- Trail of Tears
- General Winfield Scott and an army of 7000 troops came to remove cherokee from homes and lead them west. They forced the Cherokees to march West. Historians call this the trail of tears.
- Black Hawk
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Sauk chieftain
lead a force of Sauk and Fox people back to Illinois to recapture their homeland.
The Illinois state militia killed hundreds of Sauk and Fox and chasing survivors over the border. - Osceola
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chief of the Seminoles.
Seminoles joined forces with a group of African americans who had run away to escape slavery.
Even though the Americans gave up, many Seminole had died and many more were captured and forced to move westward. Only a few scattered groups of Native Americans were left. - Nicholas Biddle
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President of Second Bank
Henry clay and Daniel Webster, friends of Nicholas Biddle, planned to use the Bank to defeat Jackson in the 1832 election. - Whigs
- political party that included former National Republicans and other anti-Jackson forces
- Panic of 1837
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economic depression
time when land values dropped sharply, investments declined suddenly, banks failed, and people lost confidence in the economic system.
President Van Buren did little, for he believed in laissez-faire. - James Polk
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defeated Henry Clay in election of 1844
Democratic candidate