Biology Chapter 9-10
Terms
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- DNA process to mRNA
- DNA --> RNA --> add a cap (g) and a tail (Poly A) --> Remove Introns & Extend extrons --> mRNA
- Where does the mRNA go?
- Through the cytoplasm to a ribosome then a big mRNA is attached and then a tRNA attaches and then goes to the Golgi apparatus
- Sex-linkage
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Female = 22 + XX
Male = 22 + XY (XY System)
Birds: F ZW M ZZ
Insects: F XX M X - What does genetic matter have to have?
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Pass down info each generation
Needs to copy itself (S Phase)
Sometimes change (mutation)
mechanism for expression - Who were Hershey and Chase and what did they do?
- Tested for genetic material in T2/T4 viruses in 1952. For proteins they used radio-active sulfur and for DNA they used radio-active phosphorous
- Who were Watson and Crick and what did they do?
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Double helix
DNA = deoxyribose
5 C sugars are non-parallel
A-T T-A G-C C-G -
What do these bond with:
1. Base
2. PO4
3. 2 Nucleotides
4. Weak H+ -
1. Base - C1
2. PO4 - C5
3. 2 nucleotides: PO4 - C3
4. Weak H+ Bond: Base - Base - How does DNA replication occur?
- The bond between Nitrogen and the bases breaks (unzips) and it is held in place.
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Protein Synthesis
(Start, end, and in between) -
Initiation: AUG
Elongation of amino acid chain
Termination: UAG, UGA, UAA
(code for release factor) -
What is:
1. Point Mutation
2. Frame Shift Mutation -
1. change in one nucleotide
2. addition or deletion of a nucleotide - What is semi-conservative replication?
- Each new DNA has one new double helix and one old strand which is conserved.
- What are the virus life cycles?
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1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic
3. Temperate