Criminal Justice Test 2
Terms
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- 3 eras of policing
- early policing, 20th cty reform (reform era, community era
- Political era
- dominated by politics, police has little training but discretion. Used the patronage system (favors)
- Reform Era
- professional Model, emphasized centralized police orgs, increase use of technology, and used more regulations and guidelines
- Community Era
- stresses cooperation with community and problem solving. Police treat ppl better
- Functions of a police officer
-
1. enforce law
2. provide community service
3. prevent crime from occuring
4. preserving the peace - Reactive strategies
- officers respond/react to individual calls for service, goal is to handle crime quickly, alternative is respond more quickly to serious crimes
- Proactive strategies
- innovative techniques to try to prevent crimes from happening in the first place
- hot crimes
- crimes that are more serious
- Ex of community policing strategies
- public education, watch programs, foot patrol, adopt a cop
- Dual court system
- state courts and federal courts
- Federal courts
- enforce fed law in all 50 states and d.c.
- jurisdiction
- court's authority to hear a case
- geographical jurisdiction
- hear disputes arising within specific political boundaries
- judicial circuits
- a specifc jurisdiction served by a judge or court
- subject matter jurisdiction
- power to hear and decide only specific types of cases (ie misdemeanors, appeals, civil actions under 1,000)
- courts of limited jurisdiction
- "lower courts" do not try felony cases, no appellate authority, entry courts, receive bail
- courts of general jurisdiction
- felony cases, circuit courts or district courts. In fla, county courts can be general juris.
- crts of appellate jurisdiction
- restricted to matters being appealed from lower courts
- intermediate appelate courts
- appeals courts
- court of last resort
- supreme court or us supreme court
- us supreme court
- highest in nation, 9 justices (chief-John Roberts), serve for life, nominated by president comfirmed by senate
- certiorari power
- supreme crts authority to exercise its own discretion in deciding ehich cased to hear
- rule of 4
- to hear a case, 4 justices must agree
- county courts 67 in state
- limited jurisdiction, try suits up to 15,000
- circuit courts 20 in state
- general jurisdiction, cases not assigned to county crts
- district courts of appeal 5
- hear cases appealed from circuit crt
- fla's supreme crt
- 7 justices (chief Fred lewis)