MPCS7thHistoryCh7

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When did the Confederation formally beocme the government of the U.S.?: March 1, 1781
How did the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation lead to instability?: it did not provide for money that was necessary to deal with the country's financial problems after the Revolution, the federal government was limited because it could not raise money or troops unless each state approved. Without 100 % approval, nothing could be accomplished leaving the U.S. weak and unprepared for any type of military conflict
What does checks and balances mean or do?: means each branch has power over the other 2 branches; done to keep any 1 branch from becoming too powerful
What could Congress do and not do under the Articles of Confederation?: could conduct foreign affairs, maintain armed forces, borrow money, and issue currency; couldn't regulate trade, force citizens to join the army, or impose taxes
What does the Judicial Brnach do?: interprets laws
How did the government undr the Virginia Plan differ from the one under the Articles of Confederation?: the national government would be much stronger - but it also called for a division of powers
What is a Republic?: government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
What did Federalists support?: strong central federal government (did not support state rights)
What does depreciate mean?: to fall in value
Which was the 4th state to ratify it on Jan. 2, 1788?: Georgia
What is a constitution?: plan of government
What British document provided an important model for the Americans writing the Constitution?: The English Bill of Rights of 1689
What did the new government pledge to National Citizens?: to protect the personal freedoms of citizens
Which house under the Constitution would have the number of seats from each state based on population?: the Lower House
What is an ordinance?: a law
Why was the limited powers of Congress ineffective?: due to disputes over land claims and strong state governments
What does the legislative branch do?: makes laws
Who makes up the legislative branch of government?: the Congress - bicarmel - the Senate and the House of Representatives
What does the executive branch do?: enforces laws
Who proposed the New Jersey plan?: William Patterson
What area did the Northwest Ordinance create?: opened the way for settlement of the Northwest Territory in a stable and orderly way
What is the electoral college?: group that elects the President and Vice President - 538 delegates (1 for every member of Congress and 3 from Washington D.C.
What was there a shortage of after the Revolutionary War?: money
Under the Executive Branch, who or what indirectly elects the president and the vice president?: electoral college
What were the parts of the Virginia Plan?: a bicameral government with legislature and executive and judicial branches, legislature would be proportional to size of state population
How many members does the Senate have and why?: 100 - 2 senators from every state
Why did Antifederalists fear an energetic central government?: they would be governed by a small, educated group of individuals
When things got heated while talking about the New Jersey plan, what did Benjamin Franklin suggest?: open all sessions with prayer and to ask for God's guidance
What was the 3/5th Compromise?: committee's solution - would count each enslaved person as 3/5 of a free person for both taxation and representation
What were some of the major weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation government?: did not provide for money necessary to fund problems; federal government had to ask states for permission to raise money and troops; a law could not be passed unless ALL STATES approved it; could not impose taxes; there was no chief executive
Why did Patrick Henry belong to Anti-Federalists and what was their greatest argument?: thought the Constitution would take away freedoms won during the Revolution; criticism - No Bill of Rights
State constitutions made which branch of government the most powerful?: legislative
Why did the British trade policy upset American merchants?: merchants complained because the British were keeping Americans out of the West Indies & other profitable British markets
Who was active in the movement to reform the Articles of Confederation?: James Madison and Alexander Hamilton who was a New York lawyer
Under the System of Checks and Balances, what does the separation of powers prevent?: from any one branch gaining too much power
Which plan only proposed that the Articles of Confederation be revised?: New Jersey Plan
What plan for a national government did Congress adopt in Nov. 1777?: the Articles of Confederation
Why were there frequent elections for state legislature?: would divide power even further
Who were the two highly respected Federalists?: George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
How many delegates and from how many states attended the Constitutional Convention?: 55 from 12
What were the goals of the writers of the state constitution?: to limit the governor's power
Which courts are included in the judicial branch of government?: the Supreme Court and the federal court
Who objected to the Virginia Plan and why?: delegates of small states because representatives were chosen according to the population of the state (unfair for smaller states)
Which was the 9th state to ratify in on June 21, 1788?: New Hampshire
Which state did not even hold a convention to discuss the Constitution?: Rhode Island
What did Robert Morris propose to help pay the national debt?: 5 % tax on all imported goods
When did Virginia ratifiy it?: late June after the promise of adding a Bill of Rights
What occurred under the Treaty of Paris?: Britain recognized American Independence, the U.S. territory extended to Mississippi River and from Canada to Florida, U.S. could fish off the Canadian coast, Britain would withdraw all troops in America, Britain could still keep troops in fronteir outposts, British merchants could collect debts owed by Americans, Congress recommended that Loyalist property be returned
Under the new American government, what did most states limit?: power of the governor
Describe the executive branch of the U.S. government.: Headed by President and Vice President; has a cabinet with 15 members (Sect. of State, Sect. of Defense, Sect. of Homeland Security) - executive departments; predident and vp serve a 4 year term and are limited to 2 terms
What were the major accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation?: won the Revolutionary War, provided new states under the Northwest Ordinance - westward expansion, eventually allowed new states to be on equal footing with the original 13 colonies
Who organized the first antislavery society in 1774?: Quakers in Pennsylvania
Who is considered the "Father of the Constitution?": James Madison
What are the powers of Congress?: make laws, collect taxes, coining money, regulating trade, can declare war, raise and support the army/military, and makes laws
Why did the value of money printed during the Revolutionary War plummet?: it had fallen in value; no gold or silver backed up these bills so the value decreased while the price of food and other goods went up
What would happen under the proposed Constitution?: creation of a federal government; shared powers with states; Constitution would be Supreme Law of Land; national government was more powerful than the states
What was the economic situtation like after the Revolutionary War?: a depression; slowed economic activity; unemployment rose; currency shortage due to paying foreign debts; farmers suffered especially hard and had their lands seized when they could not pay debts
What are the requirements for serving in the Senate?: serve 6 year terms and must be at least 30 years old
What was the last of the original 13 colonies/states to ratify it in May of 1790?: Rhode Island
What happened when farmers could not pay their taxes?: officials seized their lands and put some debtors into jail
What did Spain do to halt American expansion into its territory?: held Florida as well as lands west of the Mississippi River. As a result, Spain closed the lower Mississippi River to American shipping in 1784
What was Shay's Rebellion which was led by Daniel Shays?: farmers closed the courts to prevent them from confiscating lands; 1,000 farmers marched on the arsenal in Springfield, MA; they were ordered to halt but refused; the militia fired into the crowd killing 4
What was the Virginia Plan?: it called for a two-house legislature, a chief executive chosen by legislature, and a court system
What did the Anti-Federalists do or how did they feel?: did NOT support the Constitution (anit - against)
How many members make up the House of Representaitves?: 435
How many members does Georgia have in the House of Reps?: 13
What did most Americans initially support and why?: a weak central government - because of what happened between Britain and the U.S.
In regards to the adoption of the Constitution, what 2 states were important to the future of the new government?: New York and Virginia
What are the requirements to serve as president or vp?: must be 35, born a U.S. citizen
When did the delegates come together to sign the Constitution?: September 17, 1787
Which British philosopher of the Enlightenment's ideas were incorporated?: John Locke
What is Federalism and how does it relate to shared powers?: one of the distinctive features of the U.S. government which involved the sharing of power between federal and state governments
Who proposed the 1784 plan to divide the Western territory into self-governing districts?: Thomas Jefferson
What became the final and supreme authority in disputes between federal government and state government?: the Constitution
What was the Articles of Confederation?: a central government under which the states gave up little power
How many votes must a candidate receive to win an election as President?: 270
Who said, "mankind when left to themselves, are unfit for their own government?": Washington
What did Congress have under the Articles of Confederation?: limited powers
Describe the Supreme Court.: highest court of land/country; justices serve for life; currently 9 justices - 1 Chief Justice and 8 associate justices
What was now the Supreme Law of the Land?: the Constitution
Who did the delegates of the Constitutional Congress unanimously choose as the presiding officer?: George Washington
When could Congress finally interfere with slave trade?: 1808
When did the Constitutional Convention begin?: May of 1787
What is the term for a two-house legislature?: Bicameral
What are the requirements for serving in the House of Reps?: serve 2 year terms and must be at least 25 years old
Who introduced the Virginia Plan?: Edmund Randolph
When would a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution?: 1791
Describe the Great (Connecticut) Compromise.: proposed by Roger Sherman; Bicameral legislature - lower house or House of Representatives based on proportion to population while upper house - Senate - equal representatives - 2 from every state; provided for an executive and judicial branch of government as well
What was Shay's Rebellion?: time in January 1787 when more than 1,000 farmers marched to the federal arsenal in Springfield, MA
What was the Constitution's foundation based upon?: Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights
Who were some famous Federalists?: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay
Name 3 of the current 13 representatives in the House of Reps from Georgia.: Phil Gingrey, Tom Price, and David Scott
What is a compromise?: an agreement between 2 or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants
What did Roger Sherman propose to resolve the convention's disagreements?: Great Compromise
What did the Ordinance of 1785 establish?: a procedure for surveying and selling the western lands north of the Ohio River
Which 2 states had not ratified the Constitution?: New York and Virginia
Why was James Madison called the "Father of the Constitution?': he kept detailed notes; was one of the most prepared delegates there; most of the Constitution was based upon his plan
What are the names of the 2 senators from Georgia?: Saxby Chambliss and Johnny Isakson
What was the strongest criticism against the new Constitution?: it lacked a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedoms
Who proposed the Virginia Plan and whose ideas were used for it?: Edmund Randolph and James Madison
What idea did the Enlightenment promote?: knowledge, reason, and science as the means to improve society
What led the people writing state constitutions to limit powers of governors?: were cautious about placing too much power in the hands of a single ruler - due to troubles with the King of England
What would be done under the New Jersey Plan?: would just revise Articles; give more power to the Congress;
Which was the first state to ratify Constitution of Dec. 7, 1787?: Deleware
Who was a famous Anti-Federalist?: Patrick Henry
Why did Americans decide a stronger government was needed than the original Articles of Confederation?: weak Confederation, an inability to deal with problems - taxes and raising a military, leaders began to worry that stronger government was needed
Who said, "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing?": Jefferson
Who suffered because they could not sell their goods?: farmers
Who opposed the Virginia Plan?: small states - felt it was unfair
What were the 2 groups that debated ratification of Constitution?: Federalists and Anti-Federalists

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Number of cards 110