Poli Sci exam 3
Terms
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- bicameralism
- division of legislative body into two houses, chambers or branches, the house and the senate
- party caucus
- assoiation based on party interest, gender, race also called "conference"
- speaker of the house
- chief presiding officer of house of Reps, straight party vote, very influential
- Majority leader
- leader of the party holding the majority of seats - sub to speaker
- Minority leader
- leader of party holding less people
- Standing committee
- permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation
- Seniority
- priority or status ranking given by length of continuous service
- closed rule
- provision of house - prohibiting or limiting introduction of amendments during debate
- open rule
- provision of house allowing amendments during debate
- filibuster
- tactic where continuously holding the floor until majority breaks down - unlimited time to speak
- cloture
- rule allowing majority to break filibuster by 3/5 vote
- veto
- presidents constitutional power to turn down acts by congress and requires a 2/3 vote to overturn
- pocket veto
- presidential vote wherein president takes no formal action - bill dies after congress adjourns
- constituency
- members of the represented disctrict
- party vote
- roll call vote in house or senate where 50% opposed other 50% - rare in current politics
- Whip system
- primary communications network- take polls, and assist majority or minority in various tasks
- logrolling
- reciprocal agreements made between legislators for or against a bill - exchange of support
- oversight
- effort of congress through hearings, investigations and other techniques to exercise control over executive branch
- appropriations
- amounts of money approved by Congress in statutes that each can spend
- executive agreements
- agreement between pres and another country that doesn't require 'advice or consent' by congress
- impeachment
- 'treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors' charges brought against pres
- patronage
- resources to make partisan appointments to offices - confer grants
- Pork barrell
- not needed money created so local reps can win reelection
- private bill
- proposal to provide specific person some kind of relief - like immigration exemption
- delegates
- reps who vote according to preferences of the constituency
- trustees
- reps who vote according to what they think is best for the constituency
- distributive tendency
- to spread benefits over a wide range
- agency representation
- type of rep held accountable by constituents
- Inherent powers
- powers claimed by pres that are not expressed in the constitution
- commander in chief
- national military commander
- expressed powers
- specific powers granted under article II of constitution
- delegated powers
- constitutional powers assigned to one gov agency but exercised by another
- war powers resolution
- resolution that president can send troops only if authorized by congress
- executive privilege
- calim that confidential communications should not be released
- line item veto
- power allows governor to strike out specific line items- not president anymore
- executive orders
- rule regulation issued by president that has the effect of legislation
- cabinet
- informal designation for heads of all major federal departments
- National Security Council
- "inner cabinet" foreign policy advisor composed of pres, vice pres, sec. state-defense-and other specialists
- mandate
- claim by victorious candidate to adhere to promises during campaign (landslide victory)
- legislative clearance
- process enables pres to require agencies submite budgets (balance)
- permanent campaign
- pres politics in which all presidential actions taken with reelection in mind
- rallying effect
- favorable reaciton of publc to presidential actions, international crisis 9/11
- Stare decisis
- previous decision of court applies as precedent in similar cases
- uniform commercial code
- set of standards for contract laws reduces interstate differences
- en banc
- as a panel - involves all judges in court
- chief justice
- presides over all decisions of court, in deliberation he has no more authority
- senatorial courtesy
- president seeks approval of nomination from senitors who represent own state
- judicial review
- power of courts declare legislation unconstitutional
- supremecy clause
- federal legislation is supreme law of the land
- habeas corpus
- individual in custody must be brought into court and shown cause for detention
- writ of certiorari
- decision of at least four of nine SC justices to review a decision - "to make more certain"
- Solicitor general
- top government lawyer in cases where government is the party - third in command and handles the flow of cases
- judicial restraint
- deference to views of legislators and adherence to strict juris. standards - political rather that legal
- judicial activism
- court selects cases based on importance to society rather than strict standards
- client state
- nation dependant upon more powerful nation state - still has power though
- unilateralism
- unity, freedom, neutrality
- multi-lateralism
- seeks to encourage several nation-states involvement (NATO)
- Marshall Plan
- rebuilding of war torm Europe after WWII
- Bush Doctrine
- foreign policy based on idea that U.S. should take preemptive action
- Napoleaonic Role
- using every political instrument to keep current government in power
- Balance of Power
- major powers play off each other to keep a balance