Final exam psyc 160
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- what was carol gilligan\'s theory?
- that the care perspective is involved with the development of morality. it is prominent in females and kohlberg failed to use many females in his studies.
- Is moral development situation specific?
- Yes.
- In Piaget\'s theory of moral development, why are parent-child relations less likely to foster moral development?
- Because rules are handed down to children authoritatively.
- How does reciprocity affect altruism?
- By being altruistic, someone may still have personal gain.
- What is immanent justice? Example?
- Immanent justice occurs in children when they do something wrong and expect immediate punishment. Example would be a children breaking a rule and looking around nervously as if awaiting punishment.
- How do Piaget\'s theory and the social cognitive view of moral development relate to one another?
- In the social cognitive theory, there are 2 criteria to be met. 1. Moral competence- ability to be moral 2. Moral performance- being moral. Piaget\'s heteronomous morality is similar to moral competence as it doesn\'t really involve action. Autonomous morality is similar to moral performance in that it involves acting.
- How are Piaget\'s and Kohlberg\'s theories similar?
- The stages start early beginning with thoughts and end in adulthood with moral actions.
- Kohlbeg\'s theory:
- Level 1 is Preconventional Reasoning. Broken into Stage 1, Heteronomous Morality (moral thinking tied to potential punishment) and stage 2, Individualism (what do i get?) Level 2 is Conventional reasoning. broken into 2 stages. stage 3 is mutual interpersonal expectations (seeking to be considered good) and stage 4, social systems morality (judgments based on understanding of law) Level 3 is post-conventional reasoning. stage 5 is social contract orientation (questioning laws with human rights in mind) and stage 6, universal ethical principles (rare, but judgments based on universal human rights) Proposed 7th stage is Transcendental Morality in which person moves beyond considerations of justice and acts universally.
- What influences the progression of Kohlberg\'s stages?
- Peer interaction, perspective-taking opportunities, and discussion.
- How is Kohlberg\'s theory criticized?
- too much emphasis on thought, not enough on action. culturally biased.
- Difference between empathy and sympathy.
- Empathy is having emotions similar to those of another person. Sympathy is simply understanding their emotions.
- How can spiritual development be related to Piaget\'s stages of cognitive development?
- The stages are the same. Begins with preoperational (scattered thought) followed by concrete operational (detail-oriented) and formal operational (abstract thought).
- what is launching?
- moving into adulthood and exiting family of origin
- what is reciprocal socialization?
- bidirectional. i socialize with you. you socialize with me.
- The life cycle?
- launching, leaving home, new couple, having children, parents of adolescents, midlife, later life
- What are the statistics for co-habitating couples and marriage?
- Higher divorce rates. Lower happiness rates.
- Different types of parenting.
- Authoritative (best) - encourages independence wile maintaining boundaries Authoritarian - restrictive Neglectful - uninvolved Indulgent - no rules
- Justin and Lauren do not get along in their childhood. How will they get along in adulthood?
- Likely not well.
- What is sandwich generation?
- Caring for aging parents and own children. IE my mom a few years ago
- How is death defined?
- Open to interpretation. Brain death = electrical activity in brain has ceased for a certain amount of time. Cortical brain death = higher functioning is absent
- Which part of the brain dies first?
- The higher part.
- Another word for living will?
- Advanced directive.
- States where euthanasia is legal?
- Washington and Oregon
- Who fears death the most?
- Middle-aged
- What are the 5 stages of grieving according to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross?
- denial/isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance