Vocabulary of Islam
Terms
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- Adhan
- the muslim call to worship
- Al-Azhar University
- in cairo, egypt; was established in 977 AD in the a certain Masjid
- Allah
- god; muslims believe that there is only one god who is all powerful and who created everything in the universe.
- Angels: mala'ikah
- a class of god's creations created from light
- Fatwa
- a legal ruling in Shari'ah (Islamic Law), made by a learned and qualified scholar.
- Five Pillars
- the five required acts of worship in Islam
- Hijab
- "a condition of modesty"; represented in public appearance by loose-fitting clothing and a head covering; also a a symbol of muslim identity for many women
- Ibrahim
- Abraham, among the earliest prophets recognized in judaism, christianity, and islam
- Ijtihad
- the effort by qualified Muslim jurists to find legal solutions to new situations and issues, based on knowledge of the Qur'an and Sunnah and other Islamic disciplines, including Arabic language
- Imam
- person who leads group prayer
- Islam
- "seeking peace through submission to God"' also means peace, greeting, surrender and commitment
- Jihad
- "effort," "striving," "struggle"
- Khutbah
- a public sermon held every Friday in the Masjid before midday prayer
- Madhab
- a school of islamic law
- Masjid
- "place of kneeling down in prayer"; the house of worship where Muslims gather to pray
- Muhammad
- according to Islamic teachings, the last messanger of God to humankind; according to the Qur'an, he is the last of the prophets, who include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon and Jesus
- Muslim
- "one who seeks peace through submission to God"; any person who declares faith in the One God and his messengers, and accepts the teachings of Islam
- Ahl al Kitab
- a term in the Qur'an that refers to Jews and Christians
- Qur'an
- "the recitation" according to Islamic teachings, it is the word of God sent to Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel. For Muslims, it is the source of knowledge about God and His creation, and the source of guidance in life.
- Salah
- five daily prayers required of Muslims, one of the 5 Pillars
- Shari'ah
- guidance from god to be used by Muslims to regulate societal and personal affairs
- Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
- 1st president of Turkey from 1923 until his death in 1938
- Shaykh
- an Arabic term meaning "leader" or "chief", a title of respect for scholars
- Shi'ah
- muslims who believe that the rightful successors to Muhammads leadership after his death were Ali ibn Abi Talib and his descendants
- Sufi
- a mystical movement in Islams whose followers seek inner knowledge of God through spiritual practices and study
- Sunnah
- the example of Muhammad's sayings, acts, and habits; the second source of Islamic teachings after the Qur'an
- Sunni
- designates those Muslims who recognize trhe first four successors of Muhammad as the "rightly-guided" caliphs
- Ottoman Empire
- a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire that included much of the modern Middle East and Turkey
- Ummah
- the worldwide community of Muslims
- Wudu
- ritual washing with water before performing Muslim prayer of recitation of the Qur'an