Jewish Studies Final
Terms
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- mishna
- the repetition, first recording of Jewish oral law
- gemara
- the completion, rabbinic commentary and analysis of Mishnah
- midrash
- interpretation of Bible, compilation of commentaries from Tanakh
- talmud
- record of rabbinic discussions, mishnah and gemara
- judah the patriarch
- leading rabbi in 3rd century, edited Mishnah
- rabbi akiva
- famous rabbi, expert of Jewish tradition and contributor to oral Torah
- bar kochba
- Jewish leader who led revolt against Romans and established Jewish Israel for 3 years, false messiah
- babylonian talmud
- mishnah and babylonian gemara
- halakha
- jewish law, including talmudic and rabbinic law, religious and nonreligious
- baluch sheptarani
- blessings parents recite at Bar Mitzvah
- amora
- Jewish scholars who taught oral law
- kosher
- food that fits jewish dietary laws
- Maimonides
- Orthodox rabbi and philosopher in Spain and Egypt
- tefillin
- box with leather straps, worn during morning prayer
- afikoman
- dessert, flat bread hidden and eaten after passover meal
- shofar
- ram's horn used as musical instrument in days of awe
- amidah
- central prayer from a bookthat is recited 3 times a day
- tallit
- prayer shawl worn during morning service
- days of awe
- rosh hashanah and yom kippur, return to God from sin
- chanukah
- festival of lights, rededication of the temple
- purim
- holiday in Adar, must read from Esther and give fruit
- sheva brachot
- 7 blessings recited at marriage
- guide of the perplexed
- book of philosophy by maimonides that nobody knows
- ketubah
- jewish marriage contract that says husband provides for wife
- mezuzah
- commandment that a small parchment with Deuteronomy inscribed must be at Jewish doorposts
- dual torah
- oral law and written law
- hillel and shammai
- rabbis in 1st century who argued a lot but respected each other, contemporaries of Jesus
- bar mitzvah
- when kids become responsible for their actions
- kiddushin
- Jewsih law that says once a woman is divorced, she can be betrothed to any man
- nissuin
- term for marriage, union is elevation and ideal of oneness
- shiva
- supreme God in Shaivim, a branch of Hinduism
- kaddish
- rituals of mourning, blessings in Jewish prayer service that magnify God's name
- rite of passage
- ceremony marking change in social status
- mitzvah
- commandments in Torah, or any Jewish law. includes moral laws
- tanna
- rabbis of the mishnah
- havdallah
- ceremony that concludes the Sabbath, recited over wine and candles
- kiddush
- sanctifying Jewish holidays by saying a blessing over wine
- ashkenazic jews
- descendants of medieval Jeruselum of Rhineland. 80% Jews
- sephardic jews
- Jews from Iberian Peninsula (spain and portugal)
- aramaic
- Semitic language spoken by Jesus, language of Talmud and divine worship and commerce
- aliyah
- call up, Jewish immigration to Israel
- teshuva
- repentance, confession and promise to never do it again, atoning for sin
- four species
- myrtle, willow, citron, palm, waved during the sukkot celebrating harvest
- tikkun leyl shavuot
- service in shavuot evening that includes excerpts from Tanakh
- kaballah
- Jewish mysticism, tries to experience God through created world
- aggada
- texts in rabbinic literature that are presented as folklore, historical anecdotes, etc., recorded in Talmud and Midrash.
- diaspora
- group of people forced to leave their homeland
- galut
- dispersion of Jews throughout Babylonia and Roman Empire
- pilgrimage festivals
- Up until diaspora, Jews made pilgrimages to Jeruselum during the Sukkot Pesach and Shavuot