Cardiology Cardiomyopathy
Terms
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- What is cardiomegaly?
- a broad term that includes subacute or chronic disorders of the myocardium
- What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?
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1. Dilated
2. Hypertrophic
3. Restrictive - Which type of cardiomyopathy is the most common?
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- What type of cardiomyopathy is the least common?
- restrictive cardiomyopathy
- What are some characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy?
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⬢ signs and symptoms of heart failure
⬢ exam often reveals cardiomegaly, JVD, S3 or S4, mitral and tricuspid regugitation, low systemic BP, pulsus alterans
⬢ Echo shows left ventricular dilation and dysfunction - What are some characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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⬢ impaired diastolic filling due to stiff ventricle
⬢ left ventricular outflow can be impaired as mitral valve and thickened septum meet in mid-systole
⬢ most frequently associated with sudden death in athletes - What are some physical findings upon examination of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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⬢ bisferiens carotid pulse (pulse with two palpable peaks)
⬢ triple apical pulse (due to prominent atrial filling wave and early and late systolic impulses)
⬢ loud S4
⬢ JVP may reveal a prominent "a wave" due to reduced right ventricle compliance
⬢ EKG shows left ventricular hypertrophy - What is the most common symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
- syncope, dyspnea, and chest pain
- Describe restrictive cardiomyopathy
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⬢ due to impaired diastolic filling with preserved contractile function
⬢ right heart failure tends to dominate over left heart failure - What is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
- amyloidosis (the deposition of various proteins within the myocardium
- What are signs and symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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⬢ low voltage on EKG
⬢ left ventricular hypertrophy on Echo
⬢ elevated JVP
⬢ Kussmaul's sign (an increase in venous distention and pressure during inspiration)