music test 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- overture
- an orchestral number that occurs before the curtain goes up, contains many of the main themes of act, and serves as a musical introduction to the opera
- koto
- a japanese zither added to the performance of gagaku when performed as concert music
- melismatic
- text settings in which many notes are sung for each text syllable
- sonata
- from eighteenth century on, a work for solo instrument that is usually in three movements
- band
- a term used in the united states to mean a mixed wind and percussion group
- organum
- the earliest example of harmony. a melody accompanied by a second part that moves parallel to it at a specific interval
- glissando
- sliding between pitches
- gamelan
- a large ensemble consisting of a number of drums, gongs, xylophones, metallophones, and sometimes a flute and a hammered zither
- a cappella
- vocal music that is not accompanied by instruments
- jazz standard
- songs usually associated with jazz
- romantic
- 1825-1900. a reaction to musical classicism; a time when the romantic spirit pervaded the arts
- renaissance
- 1450-1600. historical period that corresponds to those intellectual movements in literature, architecture, and painting that arose in italy by the fourteenth century.
- chaconne
- a type of theme and variations in which the theme is an ostinato (repeated) pattern
- spiritual
- the first combining of african and european elements. texts filled with yearning for eternal peace and earthly freedom are set to melodies and harmonies learned in the shared religious experience and given the urgency of the african rhythmic drive
- aria
- structured and melodic singing within the opera using repeated words and recurring motives
- folk music
- music that communicates on a direct personal level and is readily accepted by a large percentage of a population
- adhan
- the muslim call to prayer. the adhan is sung five times a day from the top of miranets on nosques by a muezzin
- sonata form
- a generalized, variable, three-part formal design usually found in the first movements of symphonies, sonatas, concertos, string quartets, and overtures
- conductus
- an early example of polyphony associated with music used during processions
- concert music
- music intended primarily for the focused attention of the listener
- symphony
- a work for orchestra that is usually in four movements and focuses on ensemble playing rather than soloists
- ritual music
- music used in carrying around a specific, observable kind of behavior based on established or traditional rules
- concerto
- music using voices and instruments together
- libretto
- the text of an opera. the libretto is typically written by someone other then the composer and may be entirely new or more likely an adaptation of an existing literary work
- symphonic poem
- a nineteenth-century one-movement orchestral work that is based on a poetic or descriptive extra-musical idea
- ethnomusicolgy
- the study of music of specific cultures
- middle ages
- 600-1450 the longest period in western music. characterized by monophonic music related to the church
- bay psalm book
- the first book of psalms to be printed in the british colonies
- oratorio
- the first religious substitute for secular entertainment.
- tragic opera
- a serious opera with an unhappy or disastrous ending, often involving death of one or more of the main characters
- classical
- 1750-1825. musical period brought on by the enlightenment's pursuit of "naturalness."
- 20th century
- 1901-2000. characterized by diversity of musical idiom, performance opportunities, and audiences
- program symphony
- in the nineteenth century, a described or story that was intended to be included in the concert program
- imitation
- occurs when each voice enters, one after the other, singing the same musical line in an overlapping fashion
- nationalists
- those composers who emphasized national elements in music
- motet
- a polyphonic setting of sacred latin texts
- lining-out
- a method of instruction in which the song leader speaks or sings a line or two of a song; that portion of the song is then repeated by the congregation
- verse & refrain
- a song in which the action is told in a series of verses with a refrain after each
- cantata
- literally meaning something that is sung
- chorale
- the strophic religious texts associated with melodies that came to be used in the lutheran tradition
- gregorian chant
- liturgic chant of the roman catholic church
- minimalism
- the use of limited musical materials in a texture that features few (minimal) changes in rhythm, melody and harmony
- syllabic
- text setting in which most syllables in the text are sung to a single note
- neoclassicism
- used to describe the compositions of a number of important twentieth-century composers. the return to any earlier style other than romanticism
- jazz
- a style of music developed in the late 1800s. elements of jazz include a lifting beat called "swing," a characteristic rhythm called syncopation in which "offbeat" accents create a breakup of the regularity of beat, and improvision
- sequence
- paired verses of text sung to single musical phrases
- blues
- type of music that grew out of the "sorrow song" performed by african americans after the civil war
- comic opera
- an opera featuring a more or less humorous treatment of plot and a nontragic ending
- liturgy
- the official words, actions, music, and other behavior that constitute a religious ceremony
- opera
- a sung drama in which singers play the roles of the characters on a suitably decorated stage
- rhythm section
- in a jazz band, instruments such as the tuba, banjo, and drums that provide the bass part, the chords, and the beat
- angklung
- a folk instrument from bali made up of a set of numerous short bamboo tubes of graduated lengths loosely enclosed in small frames, a frame for each tube or a set of two tubes tuned in octaves
- zydeco
- cajun music combined with country rhythm and blues
- tone clusters
- a group of adjacent pitches sounded simultaneously
- ensemble
- instruments and/or voices that perform together
- genre
- term used to describe the kind of piece, such as sonata, string quartet, and symphony
- gagaku
- "elegant music" The principal musical style of japanese court music; it was traditionally administered through an official music bureau
- idee fixe
- the theme used by berlioz to represent the beloved in symphonie fantastique
- front line
- in a jazz band, the three instruments that stand out front, nearest the audience
- sonata
- from the eighteenth century on, a work for solo instrument that is usually in three movements
- recitative
- free, speechlike singing through which the drama of the opera unfolds
- swing
- the most popular jazz style of the twentieth century. based on large ensembles of ten or more musicians who play written arrangements that incorporate solos
- strophic form
- a song in which each stanza of text is sung to the same music
- scat singing
- singing nonsense syllables and improvising with the voice as if it were an instrument
- muezzin
- the singer of the adhan. he praises the greatness of allah and chants texts from the koran, the book of islam
- commercial music
- music created for the primary purpose of generating revenue for the writers and perfprmers
- rondo form
- a formal pattern in which the opening section returns after each new section of music
- ternary form
- the simplest of formal patterns, represented by letters ABA
- word painting
- the use of musical devices to illustrate the text
- baroque
- 1600-1750. historical period that corresponds with intervention of opera and the flourishing of independent music