Computer Science - Chapter 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- syntax
- structure or rules of a programming language
- platform
- refers to the computer hardware and the operating system
- CPU
- central processing unit, executes instructions of a program
- memory unit
- holds the instructions and data of a program while it is executing
- hard disk
- used to store programs and data so that they can be loaded into memory and accessed by the CPU
- keyboard and mouse
- used for input of data
- monitor
- display output of a program
- types of processors or CPUs
- Intel Pentium 4 Processor, Sun Microsystems SPARC, Hewlett-Packard HP-RISC processor, and the IBM PowerPC G5 processor. Don't forget AMD's line of processors.
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) aka Integer Unit (IU)
- performs basic integer arithmetic and logical operations
- Floating Point Unit (FPU)
- performs floating point arithmetic
- CPU instuctions
- invokes arithmetic and logic operations, move data from one location to another, and change the flow of the program(which instruction to be executed next)
- Instruction Pointer register (aka program counter)
- keeps track of the current instruction being executed
- pipelining (cpu terminolgy)
- allows the CPU to process several instructions at once, so that while one instruction is executing, the process can decode the next instruction, and fetch the next instruction after that.
- 500 MHz
- 500 million instructions per second
- 2 GHZ
- 2 billion instructions per second
- byte
- eight binary digits or bits
- bit
- value is 0 or 1
- KB, KBytes, Kilobytes
- 1000 bytes
- MB, Mbytes, Megabytes
- 1 million bytes
- GB, Gbytes, Gigabytes
- 1 billion bytes
- DRAM - main memory RAM
- Dynamic Random Access Memory technology, maintains data only when power is applied to the memory and needs to be refreshed regularly in order to retain data
- L1 and L2 - SRAM
- Static Random Access Memory - needs power but does not need to be refreshed in order to retain data
- boot
- computer begins loading
- Application software
- programs written to perform specific tasks
- Computer network
- connects two or more computers
- LAN, local area network
- connects several computers that are geographically close to one another, often in the same building, and allows them to share resources, such as a printer, a database, or a file system
- clients
- user computers
- server
- one or more helps the clients: supply services to the clients, such as answering database requests
- Internet
- network of networks
- ARPANET
- a 1969 US military research project whose goal was to design a method for computers to communicate
- routers
- special computers that find a path through the internet networks from your computer to the correct destination
- IP address
- Internet Protocol address, unique ID, every machine on the internet has it
- static IP address
- dedicated to that machine
- dynamic IP address
- assigned to the computer when it is connected to the internet
- URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
- Domain name resolution servers - DNS
- Domain Name Servers, convert domain names to IP address so that Internet users don't need to know the IP address of web sites they want to visit
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
- an international group developing standards for Internet access
- URI
- Uniform Resource Identifier - covers future Internet addressing schemes
- Binary Numbers
- expressed in the base 2 system because there are only two values in the system 0 and 1
- base 8
- octal, digits 0-7
- base 16
- hexadecimal, 0-9 A-F
- Unicode Worldwide Character Standard -
- Unicode - Java represents characters with this format
- Unicode Consortium
- consists of computer manufacturers, software vendors, the governments of several nations, and others
- ASCII
- American standard code for information interchange