HSTAS454
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- Qing Dynasty
- Date: 1644-192
- Cixi
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Date: 1835-1908
Emperess Dowager - Opium War
- 1839-1842
- Treaty of Nanjing
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Date: 1842
Significance: Marked the end of the first opium war between China and UK. China ceceded Hong Kong plus opened many port cities for trade (i.e. Shanghai Guanzhou) - Taiping Uprising
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Date:1851-1864
Significance: Bloody uprising lead by a Hong Xiuquan (converted) Christian. Established Kingdom of Heavenly Peace. - Nian Rebellion
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Date: 1851-1868
Significance: Leady by Zhang Luoxing, they did not have any main goals except to overthrow the Qing dynasty. They were not succesful. - Tongzhi Restoration
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Date: 1860s-1870s
Significance: named for the Tongzhi Emperor (1862-74), and was engineered by the young emperor's mother, the Empress Dowager Ci Xi ( 1835-1908). Part of the self strenghtening movement. It tried to apply "practical knowledge" but preserve the traditional style as well. - Zhang Zhidong
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Date: 1837-1909
Significance: Served under Empress Dowager. Advocate of self-strengthening. - Sino-Japanese War
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Date: 1894-1895
Significance: was a war fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan over control of Korea. The principal result was a shift in regional dominance in Asia from China to Japan. - Treaty of Shimonoseki
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Date: 1895
Signifiance: Ended the First Sino-Japanese War with Japan as the clear victor. China renounced any claims to Korea and also gave up Taiwan. - Hundred Days Reform
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Date: 1898
Significance: Ordered by the Qing Emperor it seeked to modernize the education system and remaking the civil service examinations. The reform was ended by Cixi - Kang Youwei
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Date: 1858-1927
Significance: Scholar and political reformist. Participated in the 100 Days reform but fled to Japan after its failure. He argued that the version of the Confucian classics was a forgery. - Liang Qichao
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Date: 1873-1929
Significance: Advocate of a constitutional monarchy. Protege of Kang Youwei. He formed the "Save the Emperor" society outside of China. Liang produced a widely read newspaper called the New Citizen. - Boxers Uprising
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Date: 1900
Significance: Initiated by a group calling themselves the Righteous Harmony Society, it seeked to stomp out all traces of Western society from China. Although it was at first against the Qing dynasty, when the Empress Dowager supported them, these two parties worked hand in hand. Boxer activity developed first in the Shangdon province. - New Policy Reform
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Date: 1901-1910
Significance: - Rung Wing
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Date: 1828-1912
Significance: - Zou Rong
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Date: 1885-1905
Significance: wrote The Revolutionary Army. Zou argued that the Chinese were slaves to the Manchu "bandits". Died at age nineteen. - 1911 Revolution
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Date: 1911
Significance: Republican revoluction that overthrew the Qing dynasty. It started with the Wuchan Uprising in the city of Wuhan. It did not establish a true republic and someone named Yuan Shikai took power very soon. - Sun Yat-sen
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Date: 1866-1925
Significance: Wrote The Three Principles of the People. Is considered to be the father of the Republic of China. - Yuan Shikai
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Date: 1859-1916
Significance: Considered the thief of the Republic. Crowned himself to by the Emperor. His reign did not last long however. - Twenty-one demands
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Date: 1915
Significance: 21 Demands split among 5 groups of demands seeking everything from territory to having Japanese officials incorporated in the Chinese government. When word go out that Yuan Shikai was going to sign it, it spurred huge protests - May Fourth Movement
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Date: 1919
Significance: The may fourth movement was an anti-imperialistic, cultural and social movement lead primarily by students. Also introduced vernacular Chinese. - Cai Yuanpei
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Date: 1868-1948
Significance: Great thinker with a Western education. Became president of Beijing University and encouraged debate and intellectualism at the University. Sparked May 4th movement. - Hu Shi
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Date: 1891-1962
Significance: Western educated philosopher. Studiert under John Dewey and was a translator for him. Editor of the New Youth magazine. Was one of the leading intellectuals during the May 4th movement. - Chen Duxiu
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Date: 1897-1942
Significance: Co-founder of the Communist Party. Also participated in the May 4th movement. Edited New Youth. Was a forum where students could discuss ideas - Li Dazhao
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Date: 1889-1927
Significance: Also cofounded the Communist Party. Worked as head librarian at Beijing University and gave Mao a job there. Early convert to Marxist-lenist thought - Lu Xun
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Date: 1881-1936
Significance: Considered one of the most influential writers of the 20ist century in China. One of the founders of baihua. His works greatly influenced the people of the May 4th movement. Looked at Chinese society as a cannibalistic one.