Greece Midterm
Terms
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- Hoplite
- Greek soldiers which used a compact fighting technique adopted to the hills of Greece
- Euripides
- writer, used regular people instead of Gods, and tried to answer real life questions in playwrite
- Lycurgus
- law maker of Sparta who made harsh laws as a response to the Messenian slaves trying to rebel
- Ephons
- 5 spartan citizens who were elected for 1 year to enforce law: controlling the Helots
- Mycenaens
- an Indo- European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.
- Menelaus
- brother of Agememnon; Spartan king; declares war on Troy for abducting his wife Hellen
- Hippias
- son of pisistratus who exiles all wealthy upper-class and rules as a bad tyrant
- Delian League
- defensive league created by Athens whose members were liberated from Persian control. Its members pay tribute to Athens reinforcing the power of the Athenian empire
- Ecclesia (sparta)
- public assembly open to Spartan citizens which was a form of limited democracy
- Hector
- son of priam and greatest Trojan warrior who fights and is killed by Achillies
- Anthropomorphic
- Greeks gods are human
- Lion's Gate
- the first and largest arch in Mycenae, it was the first to use the keystone; when later Greeks found it they made up legends about it such as the cyclops
- Homer
- ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Man who wrote the entire genealogy of the Greek gods
- Hesiod
- Draco
- Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense
- Archon
- leader who one elected yearly to manage the city and influence laws in Greece
- Gerusia
- Spartan oligarchy consisting of a council of 2 elders who were most important because they made, enforced, and interpreted the law
- Purpose of Greek League
- to defeat Persia
- Paris
- son of Priam who falls in love with Helen
- Trojan War
- Mycenaens war to take Helen back; Trojans lost and some moved to Rome
- Conquered Minoans
- Myceaens
- Minos
- the king in the myth of the minotaur. greatest king of the minoans ever
- _____ made World's first arena
- Minoans
- Hesiod
- post-Homeric poet from around 700 BCE, also a farmer. Insults the injustice of aristocratic landlords.
- Lydians
- people from Turkeyt who invent money by using metal w/ their king's face on it as currency
- Syracusion Campaign
- Athens defends the city-state of Sicily from Syracuse(ally of Sparta). Athens breaks the peace of Nicias and re-opens the peloponnesian war
- Pericles
- leader of Athens that builds long walls during Peloponnesian War
- Pisistratus
- a non-Athenian popular military leader who served Athens, removes the aristocrats, gives land, encouraged dramatic contents and rules as a good tyrant
- Aristophanes
- One of the most famous writers of comedies in Ancient Greece
- Themistocles
- Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians
- Battle of Salamis
- Thermistocles takes all of Athens to Salamis, Wins big naval battle
- Odyssey
- a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy
- King Agamemnon
- Main King of the Mycenaens Greeks
- Peace on Nicias
- peace treaty b/t Athens and Sparta created by Nicias which prolonged the Peloponnesian War
- Free to be unmarried and in the Upper Class
- Minoans
- Ostracism
- process by which every year, 6000 Athens majority rule could kick out anyone from Athens who was gaining to much power
- Parthenon
- the temple honoring the goddess Athena built on acropolis above Athens
- Ionian Revolt
- failed rebellion against Persian control over Greece by Greek cities and Athens which was led by Miletus. After revolt, Persian declares war against Athens
- Peloponnesian War
- war between the Peloponnesian league and Delian League over the power of Athens which resulted in the defeat of Athens
- Battle of Plataea
- Xerxes faced another defeat when the Greeks crushed the Persian army
- Cleisthenes
- created the foundations for Athenian democracy
- Battle of Thermopylae
- where Greeks and 300 spartans were destroyed by Xerxe's Persian army
- Greek League
- alliance of Greek city-states hosted by Athens in Corinth
- sophocles
- one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece
- Delphi
- holiest city in Greece which contained the oracle, many riches
- Knossos
- Palace built by Minoans, where king lived, running water, columns, ancient refrigerater
- Ephialtes
- greek sheep herder who betrays Greece by informing Persians of secret path of Spartans. He is responsible for Sparta's defeat in the Battle of Thermopylae
- Minoans
- farmed; fished; art; navy; recreation; Crete
- Miltiades
- an ex-persian general who instructs Athenian soldiers how to defeat Persians at battle of marathon
- Alcibiades
- 1 of 30 Athenian Tyrants who overthrows Athens to help Sparta
- Pheidipides
- Athenian runner who runs from Athens to sparta to marathon to Athens (230 miles in 1 week) shouts "nike" victory and dies
- Leonidas
- King of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae
- Iliad
- A Greek epic poem describing scenes from the siege of Troy
- Cleisthenes
- wealthy aristocrat who is exiled into Delphi, rebuilds and indinectly urges the Spartans to overthrow Hippias. He returns to Athens and founds democracy in order to prevent dictatorship
- Solon
- one of the aeropagus, cancelled agricultural debt and ended debt slavery, only olives could be grown in Athens
- Helot
- Messenian slave which performed all of the labor in Spartan society
- Philip II
- hostage in Thebes, swares to conquer Greece, 2 older brothers die and he becomes king, changes military
- Aeschylus
- writer of tragedies; wrote Oresteia; proposed the idea of having two actors and using props and costumes
- Greek Dark Age
- period of Dorian rule in greece when the empire spreads through colonization of the Agean (crete/turkey/Italy), Linear B is lost, and there are no cultural advancements
- Achillies
- greatest greek warrior who fights for honor, kills Hector, and is killed by being shot in the heal
- Ecclesia (athens)
- An open assembly of Athenian free men age 20
- Battle of Guagemela
- 50,000 greeks vs. 300,000 persians, 2nd battle, Alexander uses great strategy to defeat the Persians and Darius flees again and is killed by one of his Satraps