The Rennisance
Terms
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- Hundred Years War
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*Caused by the death of King Charles IV of France who died without an heir
*between France and England
- Baldassare Castiglione
- The most influencial book on education called the courtier, seeks to train young men on become a Renn Man
- Guilds
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*Each of the various trades was self regulated by groups known as guilds, which are somewhat similar to unions.
*Their role to oversee trade in their craft and maintain high standards - Guetenberg
- Invented printing press which combined with the advent of cheap paper allowed lit to spread rapidly throughout the world
- Charles IV
- King of France who died without an heir and caused the Hundred Years War
- Michelangelo
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A child prodigy noticed for his ability at 13
Heroic nude male was his fav subject
Painted teh Sistine chapel, famous for Adam
Mary holding Jesus, David - Black Death
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*Deadly plague that spred across Europe from 1346-1352
*Appeared in three forms and was caused by bacteria
*killed over 1/3rd of poplulation - Humanism
- Knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome was rediscovered and made the Europeans eager to learn about the world around them. The study of ancient literature became known as humanism.
- Philip VI
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*Cousin to Charles and a group of French Barons proclaimed him king
*Supported by rich
- Christian Humanism
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some similar views of the HR idealism rationalism adn deep love for classical lit.
deeply concerned with church - Renaissance
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*a complete break from the middle ages
*modifications were less drastic and happend overtime
*only should apply term to arts and culture - Pieter Bruegel the Elder
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Painter of the N during 16th Century
Painted peasents - Edward III
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*Claimed the crown as his mother was the sister of Charles IV
*Supported by merchants - Neo Platonism
- the most important movement of the time was Neo-Plaronism which combined Christianity with Plato, he encouraged free will and Platonic love
- Cosimo Medici
- outnumbered his enimies and became the unakknowledged ruler of France
- Leonardo Da Vinci
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culmination of this period
he pushed the envelope of art well beyond the classical and forged his own unique style - Joan of Arc
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*Seventeen year old peasent girl who claimed 3 angels told her to fight the war against England
*Convinced Charles to let her fight
*She was captured and burnt as a witch - Petrararch
- One of the first writers to write in varnacular, as opposed to Latin he was famous for his love stories
- Lorenzo Medici
- hailed as "the magnificent" because of his lavish lifestyle.
- Botticelli
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*mastered both linear and atmospheric perspective
*poetic truth and beauty - Machiavelli
- wrote the prince while in exile from Florence, his aim was to provide a manual for Italian leaders to develop an Italian state
- Albrecht Durer
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Known for self portriats
Knight Death and Devil was his masterpiece - Masaccio
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the first artist to incorporate linear perspective into his work
tribute money introduced chiaroscuro, which is a technique that creates depth - The Prince
- Perhaps the most read and influential piece of literature published during the time
- Textual Criticism
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*This field studied the evolution of language so that documents could be proved authentic
*Donation of Constantine - Donatello
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*obsessed with realism
*famous relief called feast of herod (perspective)
*stature of david was sensuous
- Medieval Art
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AD500- AD1400
*stained glass, paintings, tapestries
*to teach religion
*subjects religious, flat with stiff looking people fully clothed - Dante Alighieri
- Most famous work is Divine Comedy
- Renaissance Art
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1400-1650
* sculptues murals drawings
* bodies look active
* real people doing real things
* faces express
*depth
- Charles V HRE
- in 1519 he ruled the largest empire ever known
- Desiderius Eramus
- the most outstanding amoung the humanist, wrote Praise of Folly and poked fun at everyone
- Charles VIII
- french king who invaded italy, but was driven out by Spanish HRE and Pope
- Classical Art
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*500BC-500AD
*Sculptures painted pottery murals
*to show leaders and gods
*bodies nude, active, perfect
*emotionless
*little background - Franscois Rabelais
- prominent French humanists who wrote two staritirical adv stories, Pantagreul adn Gorgantua
- William Shakespeare
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considered greatest playwrite of all time
wrote during peace - Raphael
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*the most gifted painter
*ability to combine secular and sacred
*School of Athens
*Virgin Mary subject