Animal Science
Terms
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- Hampshire
- a hog breed with a black body and a white belt around the shoulders
- fallopean tubes
- part of the female reprotract which is the most common site where sperm and egg meet for fertilization
- breed
- group of animals which share characteristics different from other groups
- Landrace
- a hog breed with white hair, an extra long body, and large shovel-shaped ears held close to the head
- bovine
- pertaining to cattle
- cow-calf producer
- breeds the cows and grows the calf til it is 450-550lb or 7 months old which has a main income source from selling weaned calves
- polled
- when an animal which could have horns is naturally hornless
- Glucose
- all common disaccaride sugars have at least one unit of this common monosaccaride sugar in their structure
- Chevaline
- the term for horse meat
- Seminiferous tubules
- creates sperm cells in the male's reproductive tract
- Gallus domestacus
- the genus/species of the domestic chicken
- Suffolk
- the most popular black faced "sire" or "meat"-type breed of sheep with the greatest percentage of "black wool fibers" in the fleece
- Premarin
- estrogenic hormone replacement
- Progesterone
- the hormone produced by the "corpus luteum" in the ovary in the female
- % calf crop weaned
- (number calves weaned/ number of cows exposed to bull or IA)x100
- Chianina
- a beef breed which is thought to be the largest body size breed in the world. origionated from Italy
- 205 day adjusted weaning weight
- [{(weaning weight-birth weight)/days of age at weaning}x205]+birth weight
- PSE
- Pale, Soft, Exudative-- poor pork quality, associated with porcine stress syndrome
- Fast food resteraunts
- the major dining change which occurred in the US in the 1950's/1960's that greatly increased the demand for broiler chickens
- broiler
- the segment of the US poultry industry which is largest in terms of birds produced per year
- Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
- a drug purified from blood of pregnant mare used in livestock to syncronize estrus/ovulation
- China
- the country that is the leader in total number of hogs produced
- Miniature horse
- a horse less than 34-38 inches. purposefully bred for size, less space and feed required
- Angus
- breed best known for easy "marbling" of the meat
- US beef industry goal
- produce high quality meat using conversion of pasture/rangeland by-product feeds of excess feed grains
- White Faced sheep
- the class of sheep breed which excells in maternal traits such as milking, mothering and wool production
- Amino acids
- the individual units that proteins are made of
- White Cornish chicken
- a foundation breed used to produce hybrid broiler strains in the US
- Landrace
- One maternal breed of hog
- equine
- pertaining to horses
- pork
- the most popular meat on a world-wide basis
- Papain
- natural meat tenderizing enzyme which comes from the papaya plant
- Stocker operation
- takes weaned calves and adds 200-300lb
- Finnsheep
- sheep known for being very prolific so they have lots of lambs
- pasturization
- the process for heating milk to a certain temperature and holding it there for a specified time so that all the "pathogenic" bacteria in the milk are killed
- black baldies
- cattle crossbreed of hereford and angus which are black with white head
- Shetland Pony
- pony that pulled mining carts
- Adjusted 90-day weaning weight
- the way of estimating the weight of a lamb if it is not at exactly 90 days of age at weaning so that all are on an even stage
- Ovine
- pertaining to sheep
- tallow
- the fat from cattle or sheep
- light horse
- 14.2-17 hands 900-1400 pounds
- Pietrain
- a hog breed from belgium which is well-known for heavy muscling and a genetic correlation with the "stress gene"
- Bos Indicus
- the type of cattle origionating from India
- standardization
- adjustment process when a milk processing plant adjusts the milk fat content of the milk for making cheese or for bottling 2% fat milk, etc.
- Equus caballus
- the genus and species for modern horses
- cervix of the female
- protects the developing fetus in the uterus during pregnancy; is a thick-walled, convoluted passageway; produces thin, watery mucus during the estrus period and a thick mucus plug during pregnancy
- fructose
- fruit sugar
- collogen
- the connective tissue protein found in meat that makes meat tough
- Lincoln
- a "coarse wool" breed of sheep
- porcine
- pigs/hogs
- draft horse
- 14.2-17+ greater than 1400
- infundibulum
- catches the egg and takes it to the fallopean tubes
- dual-purpose
- chickens which provided both meat and eggs
- bos taurus
- cattle which origionated from England
- fibro-elastic penis
- type of penis a stallion does not have, but boars, bulls, and rams do
- Omnivores
- the term for an animal which can eat both meat and plants
- Rambouillet
- the breed of sheep with the finest, highest quality wool
- farrow to finish
- the type of hog operation where a producer maintains a breeding herd of gilts, sows, and boars and "farrows out" the females and raises the pigs to harvest/slaughter weight
- Eohippus
- the name for the first horse
- Homogenization
- process accomplished by forcing milk through tiny holes with a piston in clyinder action
- Meishan
- a Chinese hog breed which is known for having extremely large litters of pigs
- white Hair
- the color which is the most likely to show in the offspring of hogs
- cryptorchid
- testicle(s) are not fully descended
- Hereford
- a beef breed which origionated in England which is mostly red with a white facem and may be either polled or horned
- accessory sex glands of the male
- glands that produce extra seminal fluids to add to the sperm at ejacualtion
- Dorset
- a breed of sheep that is a "long breeding season" breed, capable of breeding in the fall and spring
- vertical integration
- one company owns all aspects of the products and the process
- Grease
- the oily secretion from the sebaceous gland of the sheep's skin that coats the wool fibers and amy make up as much as 40% of the weight of the wool
- Melegris Gallopavo
- the genus/species name for turkeys
- pony
- less than 14.2 hands tall 500-900 pounds
- Testosterone
- a substance produced in the "cells of leydig" in the testes of male animals
- epididymis
- a temporary storage and matuation site for sperm in the male reproductive tract
- myoglobin
- Muscle contains an oxygen-binding pigment which makes it red called:
- roan
- a hair color where there are red and white hairs intermingled
- Metabolic water
- the 3rd source which animals obtain water other than from drinking water and moisture in their feeds
- follicle
- a structure on the ovary of a female when in estrus and produces estrogen
- the lips
- the main prehensile mouth part of the horse
- lactose
- milk sugar
- Duroc
- a red-colored, paternal breed of hog originating from New Jersey
- Chavon
- the term for goat meat