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Animal Science

Terms

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Hampshire
a hog breed with a black body and a white belt around the shoulders
fallopean tubes
part of the female reprotract which is the most common site where sperm and egg meet for fertilization
breed
group of animals which share characteristics different from other groups
Landrace
a hog breed with white hair, an extra long body, and large shovel-shaped ears held close to the head
bovine
pertaining to cattle
cow-calf producer
breeds the cows and grows the calf til it is 450-550lb or 7 months old which has a main income source from selling weaned calves
polled
when an animal which could have horns is naturally hornless
Glucose
all common disaccaride sugars have at least one unit of this common monosaccaride sugar in their structure
Chevaline
the term for horse meat
Seminiferous tubules
creates sperm cells in the male's reproductive tract
Gallus domestacus
the genus/species of the domestic chicken
Suffolk
the most popular black faced "sire" or "meat"-type breed of sheep with the greatest percentage of "black wool fibers" in the fleece
Premarin
estrogenic hormone replacement
Progesterone
the hormone produced by the "corpus luteum" in the ovary in the female
% calf crop weaned
(number calves weaned/ number of cows exposed to bull or IA)x100
Chianina
a beef breed which is thought to be the largest body size breed in the world. origionated from Italy
205 day adjusted weaning weight
[{(weaning weight-birth weight)/days of age at weaning}x205]+birth weight
PSE
Pale, Soft, Exudative-- poor pork quality, associated with porcine stress syndrome
Fast food resteraunts
the major dining change which occurred in the US in the 1950's/1960's that greatly increased the demand for broiler chickens
broiler
the segment of the US poultry industry which is largest in terms of birds produced per year
Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
a drug purified from blood of pregnant mare used in livestock to syncronize estrus/ovulation
China
the country that is the leader in total number of hogs produced
Miniature horse
a horse less than 34-38 inches. purposefully bred for size, less space and feed required
Angus
breed best known for easy "marbling" of the meat
US beef industry goal
produce high quality meat using conversion of pasture/rangeland by-product feeds of excess feed grains
White Faced sheep
the class of sheep breed which excells in maternal traits such as milking, mothering and wool production
Amino acids
the individual units that proteins are made of
White Cornish chicken
a foundation breed used to produce hybrid broiler strains in the US
Landrace
One maternal breed of hog
equine
pertaining to horses
pork
the most popular meat on a world-wide basis
Papain
natural meat tenderizing enzyme which comes from the papaya plant
Stocker operation
takes weaned calves and adds 200-300lb
Finnsheep
sheep known for being very prolific so they have lots of lambs
pasturization
the process for heating milk to a certain temperature and holding it there for a specified time so that all the "pathogenic" bacteria in the milk are killed
black baldies
cattle crossbreed of hereford and angus which are black with white head
Shetland Pony
pony that pulled mining carts
Adjusted 90-day weaning weight
the way of estimating the weight of a lamb if it is not at exactly 90 days of age at weaning so that all are on an even stage
Ovine
pertaining to sheep
tallow
the fat from cattle or sheep
light horse
14.2-17 hands 900-1400 pounds
Pietrain
a hog breed from belgium which is well-known for heavy muscling and a genetic correlation with the "stress gene"
Bos Indicus
the type of cattle origionating from India
standardization
adjustment process when a milk processing plant adjusts the milk fat content of the milk for making cheese or for bottling 2% fat milk, etc.
Equus caballus
the genus and species for modern horses
cervix of the female
protects the developing fetus in the uterus during pregnancy; is a thick-walled, convoluted passageway; produces thin, watery mucus during the estrus period and a thick mucus plug during pregnancy
fructose
fruit sugar
collogen
the connective tissue protein found in meat that makes meat tough
Lincoln
a "coarse wool" breed of sheep
porcine
pigs/hogs
draft horse
14.2-17+ greater than 1400
infundibulum
catches the egg and takes it to the fallopean tubes
dual-purpose
chickens which provided both meat and eggs
bos taurus
cattle which origionated from England
fibro-elastic penis
type of penis a stallion does not have, but boars, bulls, and rams do
Omnivores
the term for an animal which can eat both meat and plants
Rambouillet
the breed of sheep with the finest, highest quality wool
farrow to finish
the type of hog operation where a producer maintains a breeding herd of gilts, sows, and boars and "farrows out" the females and raises the pigs to harvest/slaughter weight
Eohippus
the name for the first horse
Homogenization
process accomplished by forcing milk through tiny holes with a piston in clyinder action
Meishan
a Chinese hog breed which is known for having extremely large litters of pigs
white Hair
the color which is the most likely to show in the offspring of hogs
cryptorchid
testicle(s) are not fully descended
Hereford
a beef breed which origionated in England which is mostly red with a white facem and may be either polled or horned
accessory sex glands of the male
glands that produce extra seminal fluids to add to the sperm at ejacualtion
Dorset
a breed of sheep that is a "long breeding season" breed, capable of breeding in the fall and spring
vertical integration
one company owns all aspects of the products and the process
Grease
the oily secretion from the sebaceous gland of the sheep's skin that coats the wool fibers and amy make up as much as 40% of the weight of the wool
Melegris Gallopavo
the genus/species name for turkeys
pony
less than 14.2 hands tall 500-900 pounds
Testosterone
a substance produced in the "cells of leydig" in the testes of male animals
epididymis
a temporary storage and matuation site for sperm in the male reproductive tract
myoglobin
Muscle contains an oxygen-binding pigment which makes it red called:
roan
a hair color where there are red and white hairs intermingled
Metabolic water
the 3rd source which animals obtain water other than from drinking water and moisture in their feeds
follicle
a structure on the ovary of a female when in estrus and produces estrogen
the lips
the main prehensile mouth part of the horse
lactose
milk sugar
Duroc
a red-colored, paternal breed of hog originating from New Jersey
Chavon
the term for goat meat

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