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Chapter 9 - Ancient Rome

Terms

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Livy
Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between plebians and patricians of Rome.
forum
The city market and meeting place in the center of ancient Rome.
Roman Catholicism
A branch of Christianity that developed in the western part of the Roman empire and that recognized the pope as the supreme leader.
Apennine Moutains
A moutain range on the Italain peninusula.
Byzantine
The name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known some time after AD 400.
Augustus
First Roman emperior; won the civil war following Juluis Caesar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish Pax Romana.
Tiber River
A river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Latium
A plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built.
consul
One of the two elected officals of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supereme judges.
Judea
The land in the eastern Mediterrean region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman Empire.
Palestine
Region in southwestern Asia that became the ancient home of Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; recent times, the British protectorate that became Isreal in 1947.
Rome
The former center of both the ancient rome repbulic and the Roman empire; capital of present day Italy.
Pompeii
An ancient city in southwestern Italy that was buried by the eruption Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
Panthenon
A large domed temple in ancient Rome to honor many gods and goddess.
Pax Romana
A period of peace for the Roamn Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27BC and lasted about 200 years.
representative
A person who is elected to speak or act for there people.
Bethlehem
A small town south of Jerusalem where Jesus is said to have been born.
Messiah
A special leader that Jewish people believed that he was sent by god to guide them to set up God's rule on earth, Christians believe Jesus to be Messiah.
Nazereth
A small town in northern Judea where, accroding to the New Testament, where Jesus grew up.
Julius Caesar
A Roman general who became the republics dicantator.
Peter
One of the 12 apostles of Jesus, Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, or bishop of Rome.
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
A branch of Christianity that devloped in the Byzantine empire and that does not recognize the pope as its supreme leader.
Gaul
An ancient region and Roman province that included much of present-day France.
Cleopatra
Ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed Caesar in the civil war he waged from.
pope
The bishop, or church leader of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Diolection
Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part.
Carthage
An ancient city on the north coast of Africa.
Paul
Followers of Jesus who helped spread Chrisitainity throught out the Roman world.
census
A periodic count of all people in a country, city, or other region.
Constantine
Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire.
civil war
An armed conflict between groups in the same country.
Scipio
Roman general who defeated Hannibal in the battle of Zama outside Carthage, North Africia, in 202BC.
Christianity
A religon based on the teachings of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament.
plebian
A common farmer, trader, or craftworker in ancient Rome.
Twelve Tables
The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians in 450BC, became foundataion of Roman laws.
Alps
Europes highest moutains, extending in an arc form the mediterrean coast to the balken peninusula.
New Testament
The second part of the Christian bible, containing the life, and the teachings of Jesus and his early followers.
Punic Wars
A series of wars between Rome and Carthage in the 200s BC ending in a victory for Rome.
Zama
Site in northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthagian army in 202BC.
Consintanople
A city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the Constintane in AD 330 now called Istanbul.
Colosseum
A large stadium in ancient Rome where atheletic events took place.
gladiator
A Roman athelte usally a slave, crimial, or prisioner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public.
republic
A form of government in which citizens vote for representatives to speak or act for them.
Sicily
An island in the mediterrean sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninusula.
aqueduct
A high, arched structure built to carry water over long distances.
Hannibal
General of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the second Punic War.
architechture
The science of building and constructing buildings.
dictator
A ruler who has absoulte power.
patrician
A member of the noble familes who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic
tribune
An elected leader of ancient Rome who represented the interest of the plebians.
parable
A simple story that contains a message or the truth.
Senate
The lawmaking body of the government, most powerful branch of government in the Roman Republic.
apostle
One of the 12 closest followers to Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach.
bishop
A church offical who leads a large group of Chrisitians in a particular region.

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