Chapter 9 - Ancient Rome
Terms
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- Livy
- Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between plebians and patricians of Rome.
- forum
- The city market and meeting place in the center of ancient Rome.
- Roman Catholicism
- A branch of Christianity that developed in the western part of the Roman empire and that recognized the pope as the supreme leader.
- Apennine Moutains
- A moutain range on the Italain peninusula.
- Byzantine
- The name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known some time after AD 400.
- Augustus
- First Roman emperior; won the civil war following Juluis Caesar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish Pax Romana.
- Tiber River
- A river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
- Latium
- A plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built.
- consul
- One of the two elected officals of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supereme judges.
- Judea
- The land in the eastern Mediterrean region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman Empire.
- Palestine
- Region in southwestern Asia that became the ancient home of Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; recent times, the British protectorate that became Isreal in 1947.
- Rome
- The former center of both the ancient rome repbulic and the Roman empire; capital of present day Italy.
- Pompeii
- An ancient city in southwestern Italy that was buried by the eruption Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
- Panthenon
- A large domed temple in ancient Rome to honor many gods and goddess.
- Pax Romana
- A period of peace for the Roamn Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27BC and lasted about 200 years.
- representative
- A person who is elected to speak or act for there people.
- Bethlehem
- A small town south of Jerusalem where Jesus is said to have been born.
- Messiah
- A special leader that Jewish people believed that he was sent by god to guide them to set up God's rule on earth, Christians believe Jesus to be Messiah.
- Nazereth
- A small town in northern Judea where, accroding to the New Testament, where Jesus grew up.
- Julius Caesar
- A Roman general who became the republics dicantator.
- Peter
- One of the 12 apostles of Jesus, Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, or bishop of Rome.
- Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- A branch of Christianity that devloped in the Byzantine empire and that does not recognize the pope as its supreme leader.
- Gaul
- An ancient region and Roman province that included much of present-day France.
- Cleopatra
- Ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed Caesar in the civil war he waged from.
- pope
- The bishop, or church leader of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church.
- Diolection
- Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part.
- Carthage
- An ancient city on the north coast of Africa.
- Paul
- Followers of Jesus who helped spread Chrisitainity throught out the Roman world.
- census
- A periodic count of all people in a country, city, or other region.
- Constantine
- Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire.
- civil war
- An armed conflict between groups in the same country.
- Scipio
- Roman general who defeated Hannibal in the battle of Zama outside Carthage, North Africia, in 202BC.
- Christianity
- A religon based on the teachings of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament.
- plebian
- A common farmer, trader, or craftworker in ancient Rome.
- Twelve Tables
- The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians in 450BC, became foundataion of Roman laws.
- Alps
- Europes highest moutains, extending in an arc form the mediterrean coast to the balken peninusula.
- New Testament
- The second part of the Christian bible, containing the life, and the teachings of Jesus and his early followers.
- Punic Wars
- A series of wars between Rome and Carthage in the 200s BC ending in a victory for Rome.
- Zama
- Site in northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthagian army in 202BC.
- Consintanople
- A city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the Constintane in AD 330 now called Istanbul.
- Colosseum
- A large stadium in ancient Rome where atheletic events took place.
- gladiator
- A Roman athelte usally a slave, crimial, or prisioner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public.
- republic
- A form of government in which citizens vote for representatives to speak or act for them.
- Sicily
- An island in the mediterrean sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninusula.
- aqueduct
- A high, arched structure built to carry water over long distances.
- Hannibal
- General of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the second Punic War.
- architechture
- The science of building and constructing buildings.
- dictator
- A ruler who has absoulte power.
- patrician
- A member of the noble familes who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic
- tribune
- An elected leader of ancient Rome who represented the interest of the plebians.
- parable
- A simple story that contains a message or the truth.
- Senate
- The lawmaking body of the government, most powerful branch of government in the Roman Republic.
- apostle
- One of the 12 closest followers to Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach.
- bishop
- A church offical who leads a large group of Chrisitians in a particular region.