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Western Civ

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Concert of Europe
Countries work together to solve problems to avoid another French Revolution
Count Henri Saint-Simon
(1760-1825) became King because of skills not because of royalty or weatlth
Factory Act of 1833
limists how much kids can work
Ten hours act of 1847
women and kids cant work more then 10 hours a day
Guiseppe Garibaldi
he gains suppost of peasents in revolts to gain control of italy
Francis Joseph
leader of Austria and King of Hungary; he helps create and refrom new type of country called Austria-Hungary
Treaty of Tilsit
Peace Conference with Napoleon and Alexander of Russia
Revolt in Spain and Italy (1820)
Reason for revolt: liberals against conservative monarchs; austria sends troops to Italy and France sends troops to Spain; Conservative wins
Russian Revolt (1823-1829)
Reason for Revolt:after death of Alexander I, Nicholas I crushes any ideas of liberalism; Russia stays conservative
Napoleon
from italian island Corsica, played role in military; his goal: create a french emoire; is named "emperor"
Socialism
SHARING and WORKING cooperatively to create a better society; early 19th century
Positives of Napoleon
Napoleon strenthens economy, education and lets emigrees back in country
Great Fear
fear aristocrats will attack nobles
Reign of Terror
Summer of 1793, sluaghter of thousands at guillitiane
Robspeire
Leader of radical party, Jacobins; inncorruptable
Conservative
against change
Austrain Empire is ran by this dynasty
Hapsburg
Italy in 1870 becomes...
UNIFIED!
Negatives of Napoeleon
he was a Dictatorship and Censorship
Code Napoleon
systematic law that goes throughout Europe, that controls all media
Positivism
use Scientific Method; polling and statistics; can get truth from scientific knowledge and apply it to society
Jacobins
radical party of May-June 1793
Revolt of Great Britian (1832)
causes the Great Refor Bill; this allows middle class to get vote and change make up of parliament; victory of liberals
Realism paintings have...
paintings have less color, average people and show no faces
Dates of Industrial Revolution
1780-1850's in Great Britan/England
Anarchist
against organized party or government and any authority in general; noone should be in charge
Social Darwinism
people take Darwin's view and applies them to Society
Battle of Lipsig
1813, Napoleon defeated by 4th Coalition(Russia, Prussia, Austria, G.B.)
Mikhail Bakunin
(1814-1876) Proffesional revolutionist in exile(anarchy); his idea was to destroy state with violence to do away with capitalism, make a new society
Austerlitz
big battle won agsinst Austria and Russia
Liberal
in favor of change; liberty; value individual freedom
leading industry and energy source in industrial revolution
coal and textile; cloth
Eugenics Movement
experimenting on people
Count Cavour
(1810-1861)prime minister of Piedmont; who goes to war with Austria to conquer northern italy, Piedmont winsand in reusult Italy will have a king
Mines Act of 1842
bans women and boys under 10
1st Estate
Clergy: catholicism: bishops, cardinals,priests; wealthy & powerful
Naturalism Authors
Emile Zola and Henrik Ibsen
industrial revolution
revolution meaning "great/fast change": noone led it
Idea of the Genius
innovation; new ways to do something; romanticism idea
Worker Cooperatives
workers own shp and run business
Revolution in France (1830)
Reason for Revolt: Overthrow Charles X and church-focused government; liberals successful
Peirre John Proudhon
(1809-1865) educated french typer and printer; his idea: union action, french labor movement, strikers for raises
groups that protest Charles X
educated youth, Burgeoisie, arstisans and working class
Schlwsing and Holstein
Austria vs Prussia vs Denmark, then Austria vs. Prussia for control of these 2 small countries
Guiseppe Mazzini
he was a libral republican nationalis, had the idea for unification of italy
Congress of Vienna
1815, conservative elite; reorganizing after fall of Napoleon, goal: go back to old ways before french rev.
Dates of French revolution
1789-1799
Romanticism
movement that emphasizes emotion; breaks rules;imagination; peaceful, ordinary
3 most important elements of governement are
monarchy, religion, nobility
Cause of French Revolution
before revolution there was no choice of government
Gustave Courbet
French Realist Painter
Realism
movement emphasizing reality and showing how life really is; revolt against romanticism;1850
Thomas Malthus
(1766-1834) economic liberalist; wrote Essay on Principals of Population; for geometric progression and absitnenance
Naturalism
emphasis on science approach understand scientific law.
Effects of Industrial Revolution
Peasents: decrease & join working class, Middle Class increases, Nobility:power declines; economic extreme: poor and rich
Ultra Conservation
completly unhappy with the present
Causes of Industrial Revolution
agriculture/improvement in technoloy, transportation,energy, exporting
David Reciardo
enconomic Liberalist; author of Principles of Political Economy ; enforced inron law of wages; believed natural wage should keep the population the same
Prince Mittevnich
(1773-1859) Foriegn Minister of Austria; organizes meeting of Concert of Europe; his idea: create a balance between countries
Third Coillition
England gians aliies
Confederation of the Rhine
River in germanty; german state taken over by France
2 types of anarchist
worker cooperatives and destroying state with violence
Burgeoisie
3rd estate made up of merchants, store owners, bankers, artisans,etc.
Greece in Revolt of Ottoman Empire (1821-1829)
Reason for Revolt: Religious dispute (orthdox vs. muslim); greek gains independence; liberals win
Polish Revolt against Russia (1830)
Reason for revolt: Uunder Russian control & no polish independence ; conservative wins
Frankfurt Assembly
german meet to form nationalism; it was a failure
Dual Monarchy
coordinate on foriegn policy and military; own country and rules but share policies
Countries that make up Concert of Europe
Austria, Prussia, Russia, France, Great Britian
Lafayette
wrote the decleration of Rights: freedoms and equialities...ex.religion
Adam Smith
author of enconomic liberalism who wrote Laizez Fair and Wealth of Matrons
Economic Liberalism
individual should have oppurtunity to make money; no government
Coup d'etat
"cutting of estate"; handful of people with military power
2nd Estate
Nobility: gains wealth from land
Realism authors
Gustave Flaubert and Charles Dickens
country that captures Napoleon
Prussia

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