Western Civ
Terms
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- Concert of Europe
- Countries work together to solve problems to avoid another French Revolution
- Count Henri Saint-Simon
- (1760-1825) became King because of skills not because of royalty or weatlth
- Factory Act of 1833
- limists how much kids can work
- Ten hours act of 1847
- women and kids cant work more then 10 hours a day
- Guiseppe Garibaldi
- he gains suppost of peasents in revolts to gain control of italy
- Francis Joseph
- leader of Austria and King of Hungary; he helps create and refrom new type of country called Austria-Hungary
- Treaty of Tilsit
- Peace Conference with Napoleon and Alexander of Russia
- Revolt in Spain and Italy (1820)
- Reason for revolt: liberals against conservative monarchs; austria sends troops to Italy and France sends troops to Spain; Conservative wins
- Russian Revolt (1823-1829)
- Reason for Revolt:after death of Alexander I, Nicholas I crushes any ideas of liberalism; Russia stays conservative
- Napoleon
- from italian island Corsica, played role in military; his goal: create a french emoire; is named "emperor"
- Socialism
- SHARING and WORKING cooperatively to create a better society; early 19th century
- Positives of Napoleon
- Napoleon strenthens economy, education and lets emigrees back in country
- Great Fear
- fear aristocrats will attack nobles
- Reign of Terror
- Summer of 1793, sluaghter of thousands at guillitiane
- Robspeire
- Leader of radical party, Jacobins; inncorruptable
- Conservative
- against change
- Austrain Empire is ran by this dynasty
- Hapsburg
- Italy in 1870 becomes...
- UNIFIED!
- Negatives of Napoeleon
- he was a Dictatorship and Censorship
- Code Napoleon
- systematic law that goes throughout Europe, that controls all media
- Positivism
- use Scientific Method; polling and statistics; can get truth from scientific knowledge and apply it to society
- Jacobins
- radical party of May-June 1793
- Revolt of Great Britian (1832)
- causes the Great Refor Bill; this allows middle class to get vote and change make up of parliament; victory of liberals
- Realism paintings have...
- paintings have less color, average people and show no faces
- Dates of Industrial Revolution
- 1780-1850's in Great Britan/England
- Anarchist
- against organized party or government and any authority in general; noone should be in charge
- Social Darwinism
- people take Darwin's view and applies them to Society
- Battle of Lipsig
- 1813, Napoleon defeated by 4th Coalition(Russia, Prussia, Austria, G.B.)
- Mikhail Bakunin
- (1814-1876) Proffesional revolutionist in exile(anarchy); his idea was to destroy state with violence to do away with capitalism, make a new society
- Austerlitz
- big battle won agsinst Austria and Russia
- Liberal
- in favor of change; liberty; value individual freedom
- leading industry and energy source in industrial revolution
- coal and textile; cloth
- Eugenics Movement
- experimenting on people
- Count Cavour
- (1810-1861)prime minister of Piedmont; who goes to war with Austria to conquer northern italy, Piedmont winsand in reusult Italy will have a king
- Mines Act of 1842
- bans women and boys under 10
- 1st Estate
- Clergy: catholicism: bishops, cardinals,priests; wealthy & powerful
- Naturalism Authors
- Emile Zola and Henrik Ibsen
- industrial revolution
- revolution meaning "great/fast change": noone led it
- Idea of the Genius
- innovation; new ways to do something; romanticism idea
- Worker Cooperatives
- workers own shp and run business
- Revolution in France (1830)
- Reason for Revolt: Overthrow Charles X and church-focused government; liberals successful
- Peirre John Proudhon
- (1809-1865) educated french typer and printer; his idea: union action, french labor movement, strikers for raises
- groups that protest Charles X
- educated youth, Burgeoisie, arstisans and working class
- Schlwsing and Holstein
- Austria vs Prussia vs Denmark, then Austria vs. Prussia for control of these 2 small countries
- Guiseppe Mazzini
- he was a libral republican nationalis, had the idea for unification of italy
- Congress of Vienna
- 1815, conservative elite; reorganizing after fall of Napoleon, goal: go back to old ways before french rev.
- Dates of French revolution
- 1789-1799
- Romanticism
- movement that emphasizes emotion; breaks rules;imagination; peaceful, ordinary
- 3 most important elements of governement are
- monarchy, religion, nobility
- Cause of French Revolution
- before revolution there was no choice of government
- Gustave Courbet
- French Realist Painter
- Realism
- movement emphasizing reality and showing how life really is; revolt against romanticism;1850
- Thomas Malthus
- (1766-1834) economic liberalist; wrote Essay on Principals of Population; for geometric progression and absitnenance
- Naturalism
- emphasis on science approach understand scientific law.
- Effects of Industrial Revolution
- Peasents: decrease & join working class, Middle Class increases, Nobility:power declines; economic extreme: poor and rich
- Ultra Conservation
- completly unhappy with the present
- Causes of Industrial Revolution
- agriculture/improvement in technoloy, transportation,energy, exporting
- David Reciardo
- enconomic Liberalist; author of Principles of Political Economy ; enforced inron law of wages; believed natural wage should keep the population the same
- Prince Mittevnich
- (1773-1859) Foriegn Minister of Austria; organizes meeting of Concert of Europe; his idea: create a balance between countries
- Third Coillition
- England gians aliies
- Confederation of the Rhine
- River in germanty; german state taken over by France
- 2 types of anarchist
- worker cooperatives and destroying state with violence
- Burgeoisie
- 3rd estate made up of merchants, store owners, bankers, artisans,etc.
- Greece in Revolt of Ottoman Empire (1821-1829)
- Reason for Revolt: Religious dispute (orthdox vs. muslim); greek gains independence; liberals win
- Polish Revolt against Russia (1830)
- Reason for revolt: Uunder Russian control & no polish independence ; conservative wins
- Frankfurt Assembly
- german meet to form nationalism; it was a failure
- Dual Monarchy
- coordinate on foriegn policy and military; own country and rules but share policies
- Countries that make up Concert of Europe
- Austria, Prussia, Russia, France, Great Britian
- Lafayette
- wrote the decleration of Rights: freedoms and equialities...ex.religion
- Adam Smith
- author of enconomic liberalism who wrote Laizez Fair and Wealth of Matrons
- Economic Liberalism
- individual should have oppurtunity to make money; no government
- Coup d'etat
- "cutting of estate"; handful of people with military power
- 2nd Estate
- Nobility: gains wealth from land
- Realism authors
- Gustave Flaubert and Charles Dickens
- country that captures Napoleon
- Prussia