Apologetics Midterm
Terms
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- Science
- Study of phenomena in terms of cause and effect
- Cause
- That which makes something happen
- Effect
- The result of a cause
- Faith
- Belief, trust, or loyalty to something
- Understanding
- To grasp the reasonableness of something
- Anguish of Abraham
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Moment of anxiety characterized by FORLORNESS (the feeling of being terribly alone), DESPAIR (having to make a decision you'd really rather not) and ANXIETY (being without any guidelines)
And "The Anguish of Abraham is a moment of anxiety characterized by anxiety" is not redundant at all, right? >__> - Intellect & Free Will
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Separates humans from animals, vegetables, and minerals
Intellect (thinking and reasoning) helps us search for truth
Free will (choosing) helps us find what is good (for us) - Inductive reasoning
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Based on experience and observation (like a science lab)
AKA empiricism, analytic, a posteriori - Deductive reasoning
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Based on prior knowledge (like math)
AKA rational, synthetic reasoning, a priori
Includes syllogisms - In Himself
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Existence
Nature
Divine Attributes
Persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) - In Reference to Creatures
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Creation
Elevation and Fall of Man Incarnation
Redemption
The Church - As Their Last End
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Particular and General Judgements
Resurrection of the body
Heaven, Hell, Purgatory - Creation
- This is gratuitous, but..."making something out of nothing, the need to express, to communicate..."
- Dogmatic theology/sacred theology
- Finds fundamental principles in revelation (e.g., Islam)
- Theodicy/natural theology
- Everything is philosophical, independent of any religious faith (e.g., Deism)
- Theoria
- Intellectual aspect, reasoned explanations of the matters of faith
- Praxis
- Moral activity, the practice of a particular system of belief
- Immaculate Conception
- December 8
- Incarnation
- December 25
- Solemnity of Mary
- January 1
- Ascension Thursday
- ...changes
- Assumption
- August 15
- All Saints' Day
- November 1
- Pius XII
- Pope during lots of wars
- John XXIII
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Convened Vatican II, which modernized the Church, though he died before it was finished
(randomly, papal infallibility was secured in Vatican I) - Paul VI
- Finished Vatical II, wrote Humanae Vitae in response to contraception issues
- John-Paul I
- Pope for 34 days
- John-Paul II
- Pilgrim Pope, young and charismatic, traveled everywhere, non-Italian
- Benedict XVI
- Conservative, also non-Italian
- Successor of Peter
- line of Apostolic succession is left intact
- Vicar of Christ
- Substitute for Christ on earth
- Primate of Italy
- Head of all Italian dioceses
- Patriarch of the West
- Authority over all Catholic institutions
- Sovreign of Vatican State
- Diplomatic head of the Vatican
- Orthodoxy
- Right or correct thinking
- Philosophy
- Love of wisdom
- Metaphysics
- Study of a being above or beyond the physical
- Cosmology
- Study of the universe
- Astrology
- Study of the stars to determine destiny
- Ontology
- Study of being and existence
- Ethics
- Study of conduct
- Logic
- Study of thinking
- Epistemology
- Study of learning (psychology)
- Aesthetics
- Study of the beautiful (fine arts)
- The Cave
- Dialogue from Plato's Republic, illustrates the enlightened/unenlightened nature of man
- Perception of shadows
- Copies of the real thing; realm of imagination and conjecture
- Belief in visible objects
- ACTUAL REALITY!
- Understanding of mathematical objects
- Ideal objects with logical rigor: measurement, proportion, logical connections, mental constructs
- Knowledge of first principles
- Understanding of form without matter
- Act & potency
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Act: it is
Potency: it has the capacity to change - Substance & accident
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Substance: essence
Accident: qualities not necessary to identify - Essence & existence
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Essence: that which makes something what it is
Existence: to be - Soul
- Principle of activity
- Argument for Change in Things
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Move: lead something from potential to action
God is pure act; he is the prime mover of everything - Argument for Efficient Causality
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Efficient: productive or desired effect (e.g., heat and water make steam)
God is the first cause - Argument from Contingency in Things
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Contingent: object's need of a necessary being to exist
God is necessary; he exists forever - Argument from Graduation in Things
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Graduation: degree or stage in a systematic or gradual progression
God is the extreme of every quality - Argument from Final Causality
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Law: to direct something towards some end
God is the order to the end - School of Alexandria
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1. Plato's philosophy
2. Allegorical interpretations
3. Unity of God
4. Divinity of Christ - School of Antioch
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1. Aristotle's philosophy
2. Literal interpretations
3. Distinction of three persons
4. Humanity of Christ - Gnosticism
- Christ was a good god but could not have a human body
- Moralism
- Jesus was a unique human who only inspired people
- Adoptionism
- Jesus was a good man who was eventually adopted by God
- Apollinarianism
- Since Jesus was God, he lacked a human intellect and will
- Subordinationism
- The Son came into existence at the time of creation