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7th grade Social Studies Vocab

Terms

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colonization
act or process of establishing a colony or colonies
Humanism
ancient Greeks and Romans
Pax Romana
time of Roman Peace- lasted 200 years
carthage
state on the coast of North Africa
Hannibal
general from Carthage
Joan of Arc
girl who went with the army in the 100 year war; burned at the stake
Octavian
Caeser's grandnephew who inherited Caeser's wealth
Florence
small city-state
anti-semitism
the hatred of Jews
Goddess
female being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshiped by a people
manorialism
organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: demesne, serf or villein holdings, and free peasant land
drama
story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a story
Denomination
organized branch of Christianity known as Lutheranism or Protestantism
crop rotation
successive planting of different crops on the same land to improve soil fertility and help control insects and diseases
Sicily
island off the coast of Italy
Republic
form of a government where the leader is someone put in office by citizen vote
dictator
person who ruled with complete power
direct democracy
where people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matter
democracy
government in which all citizens share in running the government
triangular trade
trade between New World, Europe, and Africa
Holy Roman Empire
area that included most of Germany and northern Italy
scientific method
orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence
vernacular
everyday language used in a country or region
cultural exchange
common values and traditions of society that are shared between two or more groups
civilization
complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system
Henry VIII
King of England (1509-1547) who divorced Catherine of Aragon and broke away from the Catholic Church by the Act of Supremacy
acropolis
fortified area at the top of a hill, provides safe refuge in case of attacks
Plebeians
poor people- includes artisans
Renaissance
rebirth, a period of renewed interest in art and learning in Europe
Charlemagne
means Charles the Great
currency
system of money
crusades
series of Holy Wars to regain the Holy Land
God
being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions
philosophy
study of history, political science, science, and mathematics
invest
to put money into a project
serf
peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble
William the COnqueror
William was crowned the King of England and given this title
Martin Luther
challenged the Roman catholic Church; he thought the Pope couldn't decide whether a person goes to heaven
Socratic method
way of teaching developed by Socrates; uses question and answer format to force students to use their reason skills to see things for themselves
epic
long poems that tell about legendary or heroic deeds
griot
storyteller
heresy
religious belief that conflicts with the church teachings
John Calvin
born in france in the early 1500s; studied theology
philosophers
thinkers who seek wisdom and ponders questions about life
myths
traditional story describing gods or heros or explaining natural events
theology
study of the nature of God and religious truth; rational inquiry into religious questions
domestic crop
growing of plants for human use
hypothesis
proposed explanation of the facts
plague
disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
merchants
person who buys and sells for profits, trader
fable
short tale that teaches a lesson
Representative Democracy
citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions on their behalf
city-state
independent state made up of a city and surrounding land villages
Leonardo da Vinci
one of the Renaissance scientists who was also an artist
Alexander the Great
Alexander's reputation and ritual
Apennine Mts
mountain range, runs through Italy
Catholic Reformation
the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation
agora
open area that served as both a market and meeting place
caravel
several types of small, light sailing ships used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries
export
to sell to another country
tragedy
form of drama- people struggle to overcome difficulties; unhappy ending
aqueduct
man made channel built to carry water
clergy
people who had been ordained as priests
commerce
buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances
Julius Caeser
slightly rich, very good military man who was part of the triumvirate
indulgences
pardon from the church for a person's sins
triumvirate
political alliance of three people
Shakespeare
wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays
knight
noble warrier who fought on horseback
Reformation
beginning of a movement in Christianity known as Protestantism
polis
tiny independent country
rationalism
belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
Hellenistic Era
period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to non-Greek people in Southwest Asia
Johannes Gutenburg
develop a printing press that used moveable metal type
comedy
form of drama- story has a happy ending
Athens
capital of Greece, an ancient city-state
feudalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
trial jury
decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty
predestination
meaning that no matter what people do, the outcome of their life is already planned
diplomacy
art of negotiating with other countries
secular
interested in wordly rather than religious matters
legions
smaller unit of the Roman army made up of about 6000 soldiers
Oligarchy
government in which a small group of people holds power
patricians
wealthy landowners
Romulus & Remus
twin brothers, found the city as babies, they were abandoned and raised by a wolf
vassal
noble who held land from and served a higher-ranking lord and in return was given protection
scholasticism
way of thinking bringing together faith and reason
Mount Olympis
highest mountain in Greece where 12 main gods and goddesses lived
legacy
what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
fief
land a lord granted to a vassal for military sevice and loyalty
oracle
sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess
Preator
important officials; they would interpret the law and act as judges
consul
top government officials and their were two, both patricians
veto
reject or forbid
Sparta
city in ancient Greec and capital of Laconia military
Grand Jury
decides whether people should be accused of a crime
tyrant
person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
colony
a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland
theory
set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomens, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and be used to make predictions
guild
medieval business group formed by craftspeople and merchants
excommunicate
to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church
peninsula
body of land with water on three sides
Marco Polo
merchant from the city of Venice, went on a journey to China and wrote a book about it
Venice
small port city-state
Michelangelo
great sculptor
mercantilism
idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver

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