7th grade Social Studies Vocab
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- colonization
- act or process of establishing a colony or colonies
- Humanism
- ancient Greeks and Romans
- Pax Romana
- time of Roman Peace- lasted 200 years
- carthage
- state on the coast of North Africa
- Hannibal
- general from Carthage
- Joan of Arc
- girl who went with the army in the 100 year war; burned at the stake
- Octavian
- Caeser's grandnephew who inherited Caeser's wealth
- Florence
- small city-state
- anti-semitism
- the hatred of Jews
- Goddess
- female being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshiped by a people
- manorialism
- organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: demesne, serf or villein holdings, and free peasant land
- drama
- story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a story
- Denomination
- organized branch of Christianity known as Lutheranism or Protestantism
- crop rotation
- successive planting of different crops on the same land to improve soil fertility and help control insects and diseases
- Sicily
- island off the coast of Italy
- Republic
- form of a government where the leader is someone put in office by citizen vote
- dictator
- person who ruled with complete power
- direct democracy
- where people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matter
- democracy
- government in which all citizens share in running the government
- triangular trade
- trade between New World, Europe, and Africa
- Holy Roman Empire
- area that included most of Germany and northern Italy
- scientific method
- orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence
- vernacular
- everyday language used in a country or region
- cultural exchange
- common values and traditions of society that are shared between two or more groups
- civilization
- complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system
- Henry VIII
- King of England (1509-1547) who divorced Catherine of Aragon and broke away from the Catholic Church by the Act of Supremacy
- acropolis
- fortified area at the top of a hill, provides safe refuge in case of attacks
- Plebeians
- poor people- includes artisans
- Renaissance
- rebirth, a period of renewed interest in art and learning in Europe
- Charlemagne
- means Charles the Great
- currency
- system of money
- crusades
- series of Holy Wars to regain the Holy Land
- God
- being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions
- philosophy
- study of history, political science, science, and mathematics
- invest
- to put money into a project
- serf
- peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble
- William the COnqueror
- William was crowned the King of England and given this title
- Martin Luther
- challenged the Roman catholic Church; he thought the Pope couldn't decide whether a person goes to heaven
- Socratic method
- way of teaching developed by Socrates; uses question and answer format to force students to use their reason skills to see things for themselves
- epic
- long poems that tell about legendary or heroic deeds
- griot
- storyteller
- heresy
- religious belief that conflicts with the church teachings
- John Calvin
- born in france in the early 1500s; studied theology
- philosophers
- thinkers who seek wisdom and ponders questions about life
- myths
- traditional story describing gods or heros or explaining natural events
- theology
- study of the nature of God and religious truth; rational inquiry into religious questions
- domestic crop
- growing of plants for human use
- hypothesis
- proposed explanation of the facts
- plague
- disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
- merchants
- person who buys and sells for profits, trader
- fable
- short tale that teaches a lesson
- Representative Democracy
- citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions on their behalf
- city-state
- independent state made up of a city and surrounding land villages
- Leonardo da Vinci
- one of the Renaissance scientists who was also an artist
- Alexander the Great
- Alexander's reputation and ritual
- Apennine Mts
- mountain range, runs through Italy
- Catholic Reformation
- the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation
- agora
- open area that served as both a market and meeting place
- caravel
- several types of small, light sailing ships used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries
- export
- to sell to another country
- tragedy
- form of drama- people struggle to overcome difficulties; unhappy ending
- aqueduct
- man made channel built to carry water
- clergy
- people who had been ordained as priests
- commerce
- buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances
- Julius Caeser
- slightly rich, very good military man who was part of the triumvirate
- indulgences
- pardon from the church for a person's sins
- triumvirate
- political alliance of three people
- Shakespeare
- wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays
- knight
- noble warrier who fought on horseback
- Reformation
- beginning of a movement in Christianity known as Protestantism
- polis
- tiny independent country
- rationalism
- belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
- Hellenistic Era
- period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to non-Greek people in Southwest Asia
- Johannes Gutenburg
- develop a printing press that used moveable metal type
- comedy
- form of drama- story has a happy ending
- Athens
- capital of Greece, an ancient city-state
- feudalism
- political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
- trial jury
- decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty
- predestination
- meaning that no matter what people do, the outcome of their life is already planned
- diplomacy
- art of negotiating with other countries
- secular
- interested in wordly rather than religious matters
- legions
- smaller unit of the Roman army made up of about 6000 soldiers
- Oligarchy
- government in which a small group of people holds power
- patricians
- wealthy landowners
- Romulus & Remus
- twin brothers, found the city as babies, they were abandoned and raised by a wolf
- vassal
- noble who held land from and served a higher-ranking lord and in return was given protection
- scholasticism
- way of thinking bringing together faith and reason
- Mount Olympis
- highest mountain in Greece where 12 main gods and goddesses lived
- legacy
- what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
- fief
- land a lord granted to a vassal for military sevice and loyalty
- oracle
- sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess
- Preator
- important officials; they would interpret the law and act as judges
- consul
- top government officials and their were two, both patricians
- veto
- reject or forbid
- Sparta
- city in ancient Greec and capital of Laconia military
- Grand Jury
- decides whether people should be accused of a crime
- tyrant
- person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
- colony
- a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland
- theory
- set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomens, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and be used to make predictions
- guild
- medieval business group formed by craftspeople and merchants
- excommunicate
- to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church
- peninsula
- body of land with water on three sides
- Marco Polo
- merchant from the city of Venice, went on a journey to China and wrote a book about it
- Venice
- small port city-state
- Michelangelo
- great sculptor
- mercantilism
- idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver