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world history exam 2

Terms

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ferdinand and isabella
first king and queen of unified spain
charles V
emperor of HRE, philip gets west and ferdinand gets east
philip II
stamps out protestantism
cardinal richelieu
brought absolutism to france, advisor to Louis XIII
louis XIV
advisor is Mazarin, "the sun king", divine rights of kings, 4x army, versaillles
versailles
new capitol of france
divine right of kings
idea that the king is god's representative on earth
maria theresa
pragmatic sanction ( permission that maria could rule, rulers had to approve)
frederick the great
honenzollerm,lead prussia in world dominance
peter the great
barber king, nobleman shave beards, calendar to european calendar,introduced the potato,first newspaper,new capitol, increased russian army
catherine the great
romanov,spread borders to west and south, partition of poland
charles I
started parliament
william laud
tries to force angelicanism on Catholic, religious advisor to charles I
oliver cromwell
roundhead, new model army
james II
king during revolution, overthrown by parliament because he's catholic
whigs
oppose the king
tories
for the king
habeas corpus
guarantee of rights/freedom
puritans
strong christians
roundheads
supporters of parliament
cavaliars
didn't support parliament
causes of glorious revolution
james II had secret alliance with Louis XIV, clarendon codes, appointing Catholics in govt jobs,william and mary are new king/queen
effects of glorious revolution
bill of rights,king cant change taxes, king cant use army, king couldnt change laws, king couldnt mess up parliament elections, cabinet system, ireland, act of settlement, act of toleration, act of union
garibaldi
red shirts, austria controls venetia, france controls papal states of rome
mazzini
young italy, failure to unify because foreign countries had influence on italy
cavour
architect of unification
bismarck
architect of GERMAN unification, iron chancellor
yitzhak rabin
prime minister of israel, land for peace
six-day war
1967,us supported israel, all countries plus iraq
humanism
glorification of humans/human progression
secularism
not related to religion
gutenburg
first printing press
dante
divine comedy, first recognizable renaissance writer
machiavelli
the prince,3 teachings ( loved or feared/art of war/use of cruelty)
florence
most important city in renaissance
transition
education, politcal system, economic, expansion/exploration
reformation
no catholic/protestantism, clergy is abusing power,sale of indulgences
martin luther
95 theses, salvation through faith alone, priesthood of all believers,no celibracy, no brotherhoods
john calvin
doctrine of the elect, institutes of the christian religion
indulgences
giving certificates to people who paid $ for buildings/projects, exempt people from purgatory
henry VIII
starts bridge from protestantism to catholicism, act of supremacy
act of supremacy
`king/queen of england is the head of the english churhc
ignatius of loyola
catholic reformation, founded society of jesus
society of jesus
organized/committed/soldiers of god/established eduaction
capitalism
economic system that involves private property,free enterprise, hiring of labor for wages, lending $ for interest, determining what to produce, how to produce it and at what price, goal of profit in mind
entrepreneur
person starting a new business
columbus
discovered north america
vasco da gama
3x longer journey, slaves/gold/ivory
slave trade
from africa
portugal
vasco de gama/brazil
spain
christopher columbus,
agricultural revol
fallow,crop rotation,fodder, potato,corn,iron plow,seed drill
copernicus
earliest scientist in revolution, rejected geocentric view
kepler
elliptical motion
galileo
inertia idea,trouble with church, every law on earth can be applyed in space
newton
co-created calculus, founder of law of gravity,3 laws of motion,orbit
bacon
propogandist,cheerleader for science
morse
telegraph/morse code
marconi
wireless communication/radio
bell
telephone
edison
phonograph, first recorded sound
pasteur
bacteria/vaccination/pasteurization
lister
antiseptic/surgery/realized bacteria caused spread of disease
morton
anesthesia
richard arkwright
water frame
eli whitney
cotton gin
james watt
steam engine
james kay
flying shuttle
james hargreaves
spinning jenny
bessemer
made steel process better
ford
made first car
thomas hobbes
advocate for absolute monarchy
john locke
inalienable rights, nature of men, no harsh govt
montesquieu
the spirits of laws,separation of powers
voltaire
most popular man in france,enlightened monarchy,
roussea
state of nature,noble savage,popular soverignity
deism
unique way of looking at the christian tradition
enlightened monarch
monarch that puts into practice the teachings of the Enlightenment
enlightenment teachings
no torture, religious toleration,any necessary change should come from the king down

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