world history exam 2
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- ferdinand and isabella
- first king and queen of unified spain
- charles V
- emperor of HRE, philip gets west and ferdinand gets east
- philip II
- stamps out protestantism
- cardinal richelieu
- brought absolutism to france, advisor to Louis XIII
- louis XIV
- advisor is Mazarin, "the sun king", divine rights of kings, 4x army, versaillles
- versailles
- new capitol of france
- divine right of kings
- idea that the king is god's representative on earth
- maria theresa
- pragmatic sanction ( permission that maria could rule, rulers had to approve)
- frederick the great
- honenzollerm,lead prussia in world dominance
- peter the great
- barber king, nobleman shave beards, calendar to european calendar,introduced the potato,first newspaper,new capitol, increased russian army
- catherine the great
- romanov,spread borders to west and south, partition of poland
- charles I
- started parliament
- william laud
- tries to force angelicanism on Catholic, religious advisor to charles I
- oliver cromwell
- roundhead, new model army
- james II
- king during revolution, overthrown by parliament because he's catholic
- whigs
- oppose the king
- tories
- for the king
- habeas corpus
- guarantee of rights/freedom
- puritans
- strong christians
- roundheads
- supporters of parliament
- cavaliars
- didn't support parliament
- causes of glorious revolution
- james II had secret alliance with Louis XIV, clarendon codes, appointing Catholics in govt jobs,william and mary are new king/queen
- effects of glorious revolution
- bill of rights,king cant change taxes, king cant use army, king couldnt change laws, king couldnt mess up parliament elections, cabinet system, ireland, act of settlement, act of toleration, act of union
- garibaldi
- red shirts, austria controls venetia, france controls papal states of rome
- mazzini
- young italy, failure to unify because foreign countries had influence on italy
- cavour
- architect of unification
- bismarck
- architect of GERMAN unification, iron chancellor
- yitzhak rabin
- prime minister of israel, land for peace
- six-day war
- 1967,us supported israel, all countries plus iraq
- humanism
- glorification of humans/human progression
- secularism
- not related to religion
- gutenburg
- first printing press
- dante
- divine comedy, first recognizable renaissance writer
- machiavelli
- the prince,3 teachings ( loved or feared/art of war/use of cruelty)
- florence
- most important city in renaissance
- transition
- education, politcal system, economic, expansion/exploration
- reformation
- no catholic/protestantism, clergy is abusing power,sale of indulgences
- martin luther
- 95 theses, salvation through faith alone, priesthood of all believers,no celibracy, no brotherhoods
- john calvin
- doctrine of the elect, institutes of the christian religion
- indulgences
- giving certificates to people who paid $ for buildings/projects, exempt people from purgatory
- henry VIII
- starts bridge from protestantism to catholicism, act of supremacy
- act of supremacy
- `king/queen of england is the head of the english churhc
- ignatius of loyola
- catholic reformation, founded society of jesus
- society of jesus
- organized/committed/soldiers of god/established eduaction
- capitalism
- economic system that involves private property,free enterprise, hiring of labor for wages, lending $ for interest, determining what to produce, how to produce it and at what price, goal of profit in mind
- entrepreneur
- person starting a new business
- columbus
- discovered north america
- vasco da gama
- 3x longer journey, slaves/gold/ivory
- slave trade
- from africa
- portugal
- vasco de gama/brazil
- spain
- christopher columbus,
- agricultural revol
- fallow,crop rotation,fodder, potato,corn,iron plow,seed drill
- copernicus
- earliest scientist in revolution, rejected geocentric view
- kepler
- elliptical motion
- galileo
- inertia idea,trouble with church, every law on earth can be applyed in space
- newton
- co-created calculus, founder of law of gravity,3 laws of motion,orbit
- bacon
- propogandist,cheerleader for science
- morse
- telegraph/morse code
- marconi
- wireless communication/radio
- bell
- telephone
- edison
- phonograph, first recorded sound
- pasteur
- bacteria/vaccination/pasteurization
- lister
- antiseptic/surgery/realized bacteria caused spread of disease
- morton
- anesthesia
- richard arkwright
- water frame
- eli whitney
- cotton gin
- james watt
- steam engine
- james kay
- flying shuttle
- james hargreaves
- spinning jenny
- bessemer
- made steel process better
- ford
- made first car
- thomas hobbes
- advocate for absolute monarchy
- john locke
- inalienable rights, nature of men, no harsh govt
- montesquieu
- the spirits of laws,separation of powers
- voltaire
- most popular man in france,enlightened monarchy,
- roussea
- state of nature,noble savage,popular soverignity
- deism
- unique way of looking at the christian tradition
- enlightened monarch
- monarch that puts into practice the teachings of the Enlightenment
- enlightenment teachings
- no torture, religious toleration,any necessary change should come from the king down