Chapter 9: Ancient rome
Terms
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- Gaul
- An ancient reigion and Roman province that includedmost of present-day France.
- Cleopatra
- Ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed caesar in the civil war he waged from 49 to 45bc.
- Forum
- The city market and meeting place in the center of ancient Rome.
- Rome
- The former center of both the ancient Roman Republic and the Roman empire; capital of present-day Italy.
- Christianity
- A religion based on the teachings of Jesus, as recored in the New Testament.
- Constantine
- Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire.
- plebeian
- A common farmer, trader, or craftworker in ancient Rome.
- Peter
- One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics considered him to be the first pope, or bishop, of Rome.
- New Testament
- The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers.
- Latium
- A plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built.
- dictator
- A ruler who has absolute power.
- Constantinople
- A city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the emperor Constatine in ad 330, now called Istanbul; 41 degrees N 29 degrees E.
- architecture
- The science of planning and constructing buildings.
- Livy
- Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between plebians and patricians of Rome.
- Scipio
- Roman general who defeated Hannible in the Battle of Zama outside Carthage, North Africa, in 202 bc.
- Julius Caesar
- Roman general who became the republic's dictator.
- patrician
- A member of the nobel families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic.
- Collosseum
- A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place.
- Nazereth
- A small town in northern Judea where according to the New Testament, Jesus grew up.
- Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire and that did not recognize the pope as its supreme leader.
- tribune
- An ellected leader of ancient Rome who represented the intrests of the plebians
- Pompeii
- An ancient city in southwestern Italy that was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad 79; 41 degrees N, 14 degrees E.
- bishop
- A church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular religion.
- Twelve Tables
- The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 bc, that became the foundation of Roman law.
- Alps
- Europes highest mountains, extending in an arc from the Mediterrainian coast to the Balken peninsula.
- Pax Romana
- A period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27bc and lasted around 200 years.
- gladiator
- A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public.
- Sicly
- An island in the Mediterrainian Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula.
- census
- A periodic count of al the people living in a country, city, or other reigion.
- Zama
- Site in northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthaginian army in 202 bc.
- Paul
- Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world.
- Panthenon
- A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many gods and goddesses.
- Messiah
- A special leader the Jewish people belive will be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on earth. Christians belive that Jesus to be their Messiah.
- Punic Wars
- A series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage in the 200s bc, ending in a victory for Rome.
- Judea
- The land in eastern Mediterrainian region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman empire
- parable
- A simple story that contains a message or truth.
- representative
- A person who is ellected by citizens to speakor act for them.
- Palestine
- Reigion in southwestern Asia that became the ancient home of the Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; in recent times, the Brittish protectorate that became Israel in 1947.
- Diocletian
- Roman emperorwho divided the empire into two and oversaw the eastern part.
- Carthage
- An ancient city on the north coast of Africa.
- consul
- One of the two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges
- Roman Catholicism
- A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman and that recognized the pope as its supreme head.
- Jesus
- Religious leader and founder of Christianity.
- civil war
- An armed conflict between groups within one country.
- senate
- The lawmaking body and the most powerful branch of government in the ancient Romes Republic.
- apostle
- One of the 12 closest followers of Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach.
- elevation
- Height above sea level
- Bethlehem
- A small town of south Jerusalem where Jesus is said to have been born.
- Hannible
- General of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War.
- Augustus
- First Roman Emperor; won the civil war following Julius Caesar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish tha Pax Roamana
- Byzantine Empire
- The name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known sometime after ad 400.
- pope
- The bishop, or church leader, of Rome and the Roman Catholic Church.
- Tiber River
- A river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
- profile
- In geography, a map showing a cross-section of a land surface.
- Apennine Mountains
- A mountain range on the Italian peninsula.