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Chapter 9: Ancient rome

Terms

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Gaul
An ancient reigion and Roman province that includedmost of present-day France.
Cleopatra
Ruler of the Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed caesar in the civil war he waged from 49 to 45bc.
Forum
The city market and meeting place in the center of ancient Rome.
Rome
The former center of both the ancient Roman Republic and the Roman empire; capital of present-day Italy.
Christianity
A religion based on the teachings of Jesus, as recored in the New Testament.
Constantine
Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire.
plebeian
A common farmer, trader, or craftworker in ancient Rome.
Peter
One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics considered him to be the first pope, or bishop, of Rome.
New Testament
The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers.
Latium
A plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built.
dictator
A ruler who has absolute power.
Constantinople
A city established as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire by the emperor Constatine in ad 330, now called Istanbul; 41 degrees N 29 degrees E.
architecture
The science of planning and constructing buildings.
Livy
Historian of the Roman Republic who wrote about the struggle between plebians and patricians of Rome.
Scipio
Roman general who defeated Hannible in the Battle of Zama outside Carthage, North Africa, in 202 bc.
Julius Caesar
Roman general who became the republic's dictator.
patrician
A member of the nobel families who controlled all power in the early years of the Roman Republic.
Collosseum
A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place.
Nazereth
A small town in northern Judea where according to the New Testament, Jesus grew up.
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire and that did not recognize the pope as its supreme leader.
tribune
An ellected leader of ancient Rome who represented the intrests of the plebians
Pompeii
An ancient city in southwestern Italy that was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad 79; 41 degrees N, 14 degrees E.
bishop
A church official who leads a large group of Christians in a particular religion.
Twelve Tables
The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 bc, that became the foundation of Roman law.
Alps
Europes highest mountains, extending in an arc from the Mediterrainian coast to the Balken peninsula.
Pax Romana
A period of peace for the Roman Empire that began with the rule of Augustus in about 27bc and lasted around 200 years.
gladiator
A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public.
Sicly
An island in the Mediterrainian Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula.
census
A periodic count of al the people living in a country, city, or other reigion.
Zama
Site in northern Africa where the Roman army defeated the Carthaginian army in 202 bc.
Paul
Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world.
Panthenon
A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many gods and goddesses.
Messiah
A special leader the Jewish people belive will be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on earth. Christians belive that Jesus to be their Messiah.
Punic Wars
A series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage in the 200s bc, ending in a victory for Rome.
Judea
The land in eastern Mediterrainian region populated by Jews at the time of the Roman empire
parable
A simple story that contains a message or truth.
representative
A person who is ellected by citizens to speakor act for them.
Palestine
Reigion in southwestern Asia that became the ancient home of the Jews; the ancient Roman name for Judea; in recent times, the Brittish protectorate that became Israel in 1947.
Diocletian
Roman emperorwho divided the empire into two and oversaw the eastern part.
Carthage
An ancient city on the north coast of Africa.
consul
One of the two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges
Roman Catholicism
A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman and that recognized the pope as its supreme head.
Jesus
Religious leader and founder of Christianity.
civil war
An armed conflict between groups within one country.
senate
The lawmaking body and the most powerful branch of government in the ancient Romes Republic.
apostle
One of the 12 closest followers of Jesus, chosen by him to help him teach.
elevation
Height above sea level
Bethlehem
A small town of south Jerusalem where Jesus is said to have been born.
Hannible
General of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War.
Augustus
First Roman Emperor; won the civil war following Julius Caesar's assassination and went on to unify the empire and establish tha Pax Roamana
Byzantine Empire
The name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known sometime after ad 400.
pope
The bishop, or church leader, of Rome and the Roman Catholic Church.
Tiber River
A river flowing southward from north-central Italy across the Latium plain, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
profile
In geography, a map showing a cross-section of a land surface.
Apennine Mountains
A mountain range on the Italian peninsula.

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