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7th grade vocab

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Johannes Gutenburg
develop a printing press that used moveable metal type
Charlemagne
means Charles the Great
consul
top government officials and their were two, both patricians
anti-semitism
the hatred of Jews
feudalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
crusades
series of Holy Wars to regain the Holy Land
Denomination
organized branch of Christianity known as Lutheranism or Protestantism
triumvirate
political alliance of three people
mercantilism
idea that a country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver
democracy
government in which all citizens share in running the government
scholasticism
way of thinking bringing together faith and reason
Henry VIII
King of England (1509-1547) who divorced Catherine of Aragon and broke away from the Catholic Church by the Act of Supremacy
Sicily
island off the coast of Italy
secular
interested in wordly rather than religious matters
commerce
buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances
Romulus & Remus
twin brothers, found the city as babies, they were abandoned and raised by a wolf
Julius Caeser
slightly rich, very good military man who was part of the triumvirate
scientific method
orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence
Alexander the Great
Alexander's reputation and ritual
Catholic Reformation
the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation
domestic crop
growing of plants for human use
Hellenistic Era
period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to non-Greek people in Southwest Asia
triangular trade
trade between New World, Europe, and Africa
Grand Jury
decides whether people should be accused of a crime
tragedy
form of drama- people struggle to overcome difficulties; unhappy ending
legacy
what a person leaves behind when he or she dies
epic
long poems that tell about legendary or heroic deeds
Oligarchy
government in which a small group of people holds power
fief
land a lord granted to a vassal for military sevice and loyalty
Apennine Mts
mountain range, runs through Italy
Octavian
Caeser's grandnephew who inherited Caeser's wealth
serf
peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble
patricians
wealthy landowners
trial jury
decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty
Michelangelo
great sculptor
theory
set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomens, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and be used to make predictions
excommunicate
to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church
Socratic method
way of teaching developed by Socrates; uses question and answer format to force students to use their reason skills to see things for themselves
vassal
noble who held land from and served a higher-ranking lord and in return was given protection
Mount Olympis
highest mountain in Greece where 12 main gods and goddesses lived
veto
reject or forbid
Preator
important officials; they would interpret the law and act as judges
heresy
religious belief that conflicts with the church teachings
guild
medieval business group formed by craftspeople and merchants
Marco Polo
merchant from the city of Venice, went on a journey to China and wrote a book about it
Holy Roman Empire
area that included most of Germany and northern Italy
polis
tiny independent country
tyrant
person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
Pax Romana
time of Roman Peace- lasted 200 years
merchants
person who buys and sells for profits, trader
colonization
act or process of establishing a colony or colonies
William the COnqueror
William was crowned the King of England and given this title
drama
story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a story
predestination
meaning that no matter what people do, the outcome of their life is already planned
agora
open area that served as both a market and meeting place
fable
short tale that teaches a lesson
Martin Luther
challenged the Roman catholic Church; he thought the Pope couldn't decide whether a person goes to heaven
philosophers
thinkers who seek wisdom and ponders questions about life
peninsula
body of land with water on three sides
crop rotation
successive planting of different crops on the same land to improve soil fertility and help control insects and diseases
acropolis
fortified area at the top of a hill, provides safe refuge in case of attacks
hypothesis
proposed explanation of the facts
John Calvin
born in france in the early 1500s; studied theology
Leonardo da Vinci
one of the Renaissance scientists who was also an artist
rationalism
belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
knight
noble warrier who fought on horseback
Republic
form of a government where the leader is someone put in office by citizen vote
export
to sell to another country
oracle
sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess
carthage
state on the coast of North Africa
Reformation
beginning of a movement in Christianity known as Protestantism
manorialism
organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: demesne, serf or villein holdings, and free peasant land
Representative Democracy
citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions on their behalf
dictator
person who ruled with complete power
diplomacy
art of negotiating with other countries
Florence
small city-state
aqueduct
man made channel built to carry water
caravel
several types of small, light sailing ships used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th centuries
griot
storyteller
currency
system of money
plague
disease that spreads quickly and kills many people
vernacular
everyday language used in a country or region
invest
to put money into a project
Joan of Arc
girl who went with the army in the 100 year war; burned at the stake
myths
traditional story describing gods or heros or explaining natural events
theology
study of the nature of God and religious truth; rational inquiry into religious questions
Humanism
ancient Greeks and Romans
Goddess
female being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshiped by a people
indulgences
pardon from the church for a person's sins
Venice
small port city-state
Hannibal
general from Carthage
legions
smaller unit of the Roman army made up of about 6000 soldiers
colony
a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland
God
being conceived as the perfect, omnipotent, omniscient originator and ruler of the universe, the principal object of faith and worship in monotheistic religions
comedy
form of drama- story has a happy ending
Shakespeare
wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays
philosophy
study of history, political science, science, and mathematics
Athens
capital of Greece, an ancient city-state
civilization
complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system
cultural exchange
common values and traditions of society that are shared between two or more groups
direct democracy
where people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matter
Sparta
city in ancient Greec and capital of Laconia military
Plebeians
poor people- includes artisans
clergy
people who had been ordained as priests
city-state
independent state made up of a city and surrounding land villages
Renaissance
rebirth, a period of renewed interest in art and learning in Europe

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