Recreation and Leisure Test 1
Terms
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- recreation activities
- travel, cultural entertainment, hobbies, social club, camping, hunting, fairs
- motivations for recreation participation
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1. relax
2. display hidden talent
3. express oneself
4. release aggression and tention
5. test oneself - Early Christian era
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after rome, christians emphasized work
free time (idleness) is the great enemy of the soul - Middle Ages
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rec. continued dispite disapprobal of church
knights : hunting and hawking
hunting: lofty pursuit
hunting prepared for war
dance, gambling - Games of Common People
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village feast
cockfighting
throwing weights
archery required
nobility provided large celebrations - Renaissance (rebirth)
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-revived interest in scholarship, philosophy, and art
-italy, france: painting, music, dance, and acting popular
-John Locke: play should be used to learn develops character in children
-Rousseau: French philosopher,
-children should be given activites to meet development , to stop anitsocial behavior - Recreation
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-spectator (sport fan)
-solitary (sitting in a park)
-strenous or demanding
-in past, recreation was constructive and highly moral
-dangerous (rock climbing)
-morally questionable (drinking, gambling) - Protestant Reformation
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-1500's
-protestant broke away from roman catholic church
-no gambling
-no dancing
-considered all devilish activities
-James 1 (1618) declared some sports lawful (keep the peace)
-growing interest in science (puritans rejected) -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Private Estate -
-opened to the public
-lavish gardens and wooded trails
-parks were fashionable to be seen in
-racing, gambling, carrige ridings
-lower class
soccer, cricket, wrestling -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
France -
-upper class (arts and socialzing)
-working class (drinking on weekends) -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Colonial America -
-strict religious groups prevent many recreation activities
-New England
either worked or prision
no bums
whipped or imprisoned for: gambling dancing
enforcement of sabbath laws
travel, recreation, and worked banned -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Southern Colonies -
very similar to new england
plantation life created lavish celebrations
many activities were banned for the working and lower class -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Decline of Religious Controls -
-play slowly became tolerated
-lottery started (early 1700's)
-sexual behavior
- bundling:engaged couples slept together seperated by a board
- sex followed by marriage, was a forgivable sin
-drinking -
Development of Parks and Rec. Areas
Parks & conservation in the colonies -
-1626 (plymouth colony) cutting trees with out official consent prohibited
-great ponds act of 1641: set aside 2000 ponds, 10 acres or more for fishing and hunting
-pennsylvania law 1681: for every 5 acres of forest cut , 1 must be preserved - Leisure Defined
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-latin word "licer" meaning to "premit"
-as permission to do as one pleases at ones own pace, to participate in activity of ones chore, and to abandon the activity at will -
Three essential elements
Leisure -
1. Preceived Freedom
- participates at will and leave at will
2. Autotelic Activity
- activity engaged in for its own sake and not for external factor
3. Beneficial Outcome
- activity will yield some benefit - Play
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-anglo saxon :plega
-game or sport, skirmish or battle
-play is not serious
-Greeks, play was important to children, developed them - 20th century concepts of play
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1. self-expression theory
- need for self expression
- find outlets for energy, ablitity
- influence by factors, family and social background - Typologies of Play
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French Sociologist (Roger Caillois)
Classified type of play
-agon-competitive games with equal chance of winning
-alea- games that contestant has little control
-mimicry- acceptance of illusion or imanginary universes
-ilink- consists of games in pursuit or vertigo or dizziness - Psychoanalysis of Play
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Sigmund Freud (for Children)
- gain control and competence
-resolve conflicts in life
-play and dreams are therapeutic for kids - Play Defined
- form of human activity or behavioral style that is self motivated and carried on for intrinsic (personal) rather then external purposes.
- Meaning of Recreation
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-recreation is the fusion between play and leisure
-latin word "recreatio" meaning that which refreshes or restores - Traditional views of Recreation
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-activity-physical, mental, social
-art- crafts, creative, music
-voluntary or free of obligation
-internal motivation or desire for satisfaction - Is recreation voluntary
- no..little league
- Motives for Participation
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-Different behaviors suggest motives
socialization
associative
competitive
exploratory
vicarious
sensory stimulation
physical activity - Depth of Involvement
- degree to which individual is deeply committed (sports and entertainnemnt)
- Recreation Defined
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-consists of human activities or experiences during leisure time
-usually voluntary for intrinsic (personal) purposes
-enjoyable but may include dree of discomfort - Relationships between play, recreation, and leisure
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-play is more then activity, it is a form of behavior
-recreation includes many forms of play but includes traveling, reading, music
-leisure is doing what one pleases freely and can start and stop at will - Motivation, values, and constraints
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activity is influenced by many factors
-education background
-physical and emotional health
-money status
-personality - Adult motivations
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physical exercise
social contact
thrill seeking
enrich ones life
escape boredom - Children and sports
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to have fun
to improve skills
stay in shape
do something they are good at
competition - older adults
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self-expression
companionship
power
service
intellectual -
Other Motivational Areas
Social and Affiliation Drives -
companionship
support
intimacy -
Other Motivational Areas
excitement and challenge -
need for excitement and challange
competition -
Other Motivational Areas
hedonistic motivations -
gambling
drugs and alcohol abuse
sexual behavior -
Other Motivational Areas
nostalgia based motivations -
recapture past
-attending camps
-rock concerts
-war reenactor -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
Physical Views -
healthy growth
fitness and endurance
develop physical skills -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
control of obesity -
activity helps control weight
no desks jobs
58 million wiegh more then 20% then they should
is increasing -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
cardiovascular health -
americans have more coronary attacks then any other nation
sedentary
-smoking
-high cholesterol
-high blood pressure -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
Emotional Values -
feeling of control
important to mental health -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
relax and escape -
physical activity, reading, daydreaming
escape ones own problem -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
overcoming loneliness -
social contact
friendship
-problems, alcoholism, suicide -
Personal Values of Rec. Involvement
stress mangement -
work off anger
work off frustration
entire body benefits from physcial activity -
Social Values of Recreation
sport and social development -
moral values
respect for authority
academic success
self reliance
disapline and leadership - Intellectual Values of recreation
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play as learning
-postive mental growth
games and mental growth
-provide action based social relationships (role playing) - Spritual Value of Recreation
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exhibit higher human values..
more values
compassion
respect for others
respect for environment
-trip to wilderness
contemption
-nature can have a powerful impact on well-being of person