Chapter 13 - 1
Terms
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- Andreini
- Famous Italian Renaissance actress.
- Donatello
- Influential Florentine artist who focused on self-awareness.
- individualism
- Renaissance concept that favored the individual over religion or society as a whole.
- Gozzoli
- Florentine Renaissance painter best known for his work for the Palazzo Medici Riccardi palace.
- Erasmus
- Dutch Humanist and scholar who wrote "In Praise of Folly" which criticized church ritual and abuses.
- Cellini
- Egotistical Italian goldsmith and sculptor.
- della Francesca
- Pioneered perspective, later used by da Vinci in "The Last Supper."
- Anguissola
- Italian painter who was the first successful female painter of the Renaissance.
- Giotto
- Italian painter known for realistic portraits that departed from the medieval view of the body.
- Boccaccio
- Italian writer and Humanist who wrote "The Decameron."
- Borgia
- Pope Alexander's son, his ruthless tactics in uniting the papal states of Italy became the central subject of Machiavelli's "The Prince."
- Machiavelli
- Italian statesman who wrote "The Prince," an instruction manual on how to conquer and rule.
- Titian
- Italian painter who experimented with vivid colors; raised the status of Renaissance artists.
- Van Der Weyden
- Flemish painter considered artistically to the Italian Renaissance painters.
- da Vinci
- Italian painter, scientist, and engineer who created "The Last Supper," "Mona Lisa," and was an ardent studier of science.
- Pope Sixtus IV
- Built the Vatican library with Nicholas V's manuscripts.
- Medici family
- Powerful Italian banking family that ruled Florence in the 1400s and began the system of merchant-run oligarchies in Italy.
- Charles V
- Holy Roman Emperor during the Habsburg-Valois Wars.
- Charles VIII
- French king who invaded and conquered most of Italy in 1494.
- Rabelais
- French Renaissance author who wrote "Gargantua" and "Pantagruel" which criticized politics and education.
- Petrarch
- "Father of Humanism" and coined the term "Renaissance."
- Gentileschi
- An accomplished female painter; elected to the Florentine Academy of Design; one of the first female artists to paint historical and religious paintings.
- Sforza family
- Harshly governed Milan while calling it a "republic."
- Massys
- Painted "The Usurers" which depicts wealthy men counting their money and sneering.
- Piero de' Medici
- Last Medici ruler of Florence; overthrown by French invasion.
- Thomas More
- Wrote "Utopia" and introduced Humanism to England; decapitated by Henry VIII.
- Pope Sylvester II
- Built the first mechanical clock in the west.
- quantification
- Measurement of time.
- Pope Alexander VI
- Helped reassert papal authority while promoting the Renaissance; father of Cesare Borgia.
- Vergerio
- Italian Humanist who wrote essays emphasizing good education and ethics for young men.
- Lorenzo de' Medici
- Patron of the arts who supported da Vinci, Botticelli, and Michelangelo.
- Savonarola
- Dominican friar who gave fiery speeches denouncing Florence's pagan habits, the Medici family, and Pope Alexander VI.
- Castiglione
- Renaissance author who wrote the "The Courtier."
- Gutenberg
- Invented movable type and the printing press; produced the first printed bible, the Gutenberg Bible.
- King Edward III
- Bankrupted many Floretine bankers when he dismissed his debts, but Florence's economy was unphased.
- della Mirandola
- Italian humanist who believed that man's accomplishments were limitless.
- Raphael
- Italian painter and architect who worked on St. Peter's Basilica.
- Bruni
- Italian humanist historian who coined the term "humanism."
- Pope Leo X
- de' Medici pope who formed an alliance with the Spanish and Germans against the French.
- Saint Augustine
- An individualist who went against the Christian ideal of humility and challenged church doctrine.
- Michelangelo
- Renaissance artist who painted the Sistine Chapel and St. Peter's cathedral, and created "David" among other pieces.
- Pope Nicholas V
- Collected thousands of manuscripts and planned the Vatican library.
- Aretino
- Italian author and playwright known for inventing literate pornography.
- Laura Cereta
- Educated Renaissance woman who opposed marriage.
- Masaccio
- Called the "father of modern painting"; he used realism, narative power, and light.
- Cosimo de' Medici
- Ruler of Florence who switched the city's allegiance from Venice to Milan.
- Valla
- Italian Humanist who wrote "On Pleasure."
- Louis XII
- Formed the League of Cambrai with the German Emperor Maximilian against Venice.
- Pope Julius II
- Commissioned Michelangelo to paint St. Peter's cathedral.