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Chapter 13 - 1

Terms

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Andreini
Famous Italian Renaissance actress.
Donatello
Influential Florentine artist who focused on self-awareness.
individualism
Renaissance concept that favored the individual over religion or society as a whole.
Gozzoli
Florentine Renaissance painter best known for his work for the Palazzo Medici Riccardi palace.
Erasmus
Dutch Humanist and scholar who wrote "In Praise of Folly" which criticized church ritual and abuses.
Cellini
Egotistical Italian goldsmith and sculptor.
della Francesca
Pioneered perspective, later used by da Vinci in "The Last Supper."
Anguissola
Italian painter who was the first successful female painter of the Renaissance.
Giotto
Italian painter known for realistic portraits that departed from the medieval view of the body.
Boccaccio
Italian writer and Humanist who wrote "The Decameron."
Borgia
Pope Alexander's son, his ruthless tactics in uniting the papal states of Italy became the central subject of Machiavelli's "The Prince."
Machiavelli
Italian statesman who wrote "The Prince," an instruction manual on how to conquer and rule.
Titian
Italian painter who experimented with vivid colors; raised the status of Renaissance artists.
Van Der Weyden
Flemish painter considered artistically to the Italian Renaissance painters.
da Vinci
Italian painter, scientist, and engineer who created "The Last Supper," "Mona Lisa," and was an ardent studier of science.
Pope Sixtus IV
Built the Vatican library with Nicholas V's manuscripts.
Medici family
Powerful Italian banking family that ruled Florence in the 1400s and began the system of merchant-run oligarchies in Italy.
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor during the Habsburg-Valois Wars.
Charles VIII
French king who invaded and conquered most of Italy in 1494.
Rabelais
French Renaissance author who wrote "Gargantua" and "Pantagruel" which criticized politics and education.
Petrarch
"Father of Humanism" and coined the term "Renaissance."
Gentileschi
An accomplished female painter; elected to the Florentine Academy of Design; one of the first female artists to paint historical and religious paintings.
Sforza family
Harshly governed Milan while calling it a "republic."
Massys
Painted "The Usurers" which depicts wealthy men counting their money and sneering.
Piero de' Medici
Last Medici ruler of Florence; overthrown by French invasion.
Thomas More
Wrote "Utopia" and introduced Humanism to England; decapitated by Henry VIII.
Pope Sylvester II
Built the first mechanical clock in the west.
quantification
Measurement of time.
Pope Alexander VI
Helped reassert papal authority while promoting the Renaissance; father of Cesare Borgia.
Vergerio
Italian Humanist who wrote essays emphasizing good education and ethics for young men.
Lorenzo de' Medici
Patron of the arts who supported da Vinci, Botticelli, and Michelangelo.
Savonarola
Dominican friar who gave fiery speeches denouncing Florence's pagan habits, the Medici family, and Pope Alexander VI.
Castiglione
Renaissance author who wrote the "The Courtier."
Gutenberg
Invented movable type and the printing press; produced the first printed bible, the Gutenberg Bible.
King Edward III
Bankrupted many Floretine bankers when he dismissed his debts, but Florence's economy was unphased.
della Mirandola
Italian humanist who believed that man's accomplishments were limitless.
Raphael
Italian painter and architect who worked on St. Peter's Basilica.
Bruni
Italian humanist historian who coined the term "humanism."
Pope Leo X
de' Medici pope who formed an alliance with the Spanish and Germans against the French.
Saint Augustine
An individualist who went against the Christian ideal of humility and challenged church doctrine.
Michelangelo
Renaissance artist who painted the Sistine Chapel and St. Peter's cathedral, and created "David" among other pieces.
Pope Nicholas V
Collected thousands of manuscripts and planned the Vatican library.
Aretino
Italian author and playwright known for inventing literate pornography.
Laura Cereta
Educated Renaissance woman who opposed marriage.
Masaccio
Called the "father of modern painting"; he used realism, narative power, and light.
Cosimo de' Medici
Ruler of Florence who switched the city's allegiance from Venice to Milan.
Valla
Italian Humanist who wrote "On Pleasure."
Louis XII
Formed the League of Cambrai with the German Emperor Maximilian against Venice.
Pope Julius II
Commissioned Michelangelo to paint St. Peter's cathedral.

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