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history vocab midyear

Terms

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Zhou Dynasty
The secound historical dynasty; ruled from c. 1100 to c. 400 BCE
delta
a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
*David
(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites
republic
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
*Tutankamen
Died at 18 burial site huge archelogical find in 1922 showed wealth of era.
silk road
an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)
Egyptian Gods/Godesses
Pharaohs are gods and they are anything they want to be and can change anything they want. Rare in history they believed of these amazing things.
diaspora
The scattering of hte Jews from acient Palestine.
calligraphy
descriptive or imaginative language
*Plato
ancient Athenian philosopher
*Laozi
Mythical author of hte Dao de Jing, or Book of Changes, which has served as hte text for various versions of Daoist folklore and philosophy for many centuries in China.
oracle bones
a group so inscribed animal bones and shells discovered in China and used originally in divination by the ancient Chinese,during the Shang dynasty.
*Zoroaster
A great prophet whose teachings changed the Persions' religious outlooks
Athens v. Sparta
Athens- art, education, science, and democracy Sparta- millitaristic, authoritarian, and no individual freedom
Hominid*
A humanlike creatures.
Epic of Gilgamesh
oldest epic from Sumerian times; familiar stories from the Bible like the flood
nomad
a member of a people who have no permanent home but move about according to the seasons
filiel piety
d
republic
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
*arius
added a new Persian empire in western India that extended to the Indus River
*Solomon
(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)
features of a civilization
Sumerians in Mesopotamia- first irrigation civilization, drainage from the Tigris and Euphrates, first, large cities, writing, buildings, wheel, bricks, plow, bronze. Theocracy changes to monarchy, different classes= different treatment. Egyptians- No middle class, no cities, lived in huts along Nile, mainly farming, slaves, not many problems with them. Chinese- many records with writing, monarchy, Warring states starts when Zhou lose control, live in small villages with few large towns, agriculture no rice, no trade, maybe matriarchy. Emperor is high priest (confuciasism). Greeks- difference between slave and free men, Sparta fights Athens in Peloponesian War, leads to Barbarians Mesodonian takeover, small farms, maritime trade, no large fertile areas, over population causes emigration, religion is civic duty, disrespect Gods. Romans- Etruscan and Greeks effected early Roman civilization, Roman laws, started out with mainly peasants then slaves and unfree immigrants from Africa, Italy becomes dependent on food imports,plantations and estates replace farms, ????
*Pericles
The Athenian democratic leader and spokesman who died in the midst of the Peloponnesian War in the fifth century BCE.
*Sargon I
The first emperor of Sumer
Caste System level (all)
a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
*Hanfeizi
a Chinese scholar who believed that society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment
Pax Romana
the Roman peace
dharma
A code of morals and conduct prescribed for one's caste in Hinduism.
consul
Chief executives of the Roman republiic; chosen annually.
*Caesar
Confronted and defeated Pompey, murdered in 44 BC, governor of Gaul
prophet
a person who claims to carry the message of God
anthropology
The study of humankind as a particular species.
*Thucydides
ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
Mohenjo-Daro and Harrapa= Indians
Site of one of the two chief towns of the ancient Indus valley civilization. Everyone has same size house. Assumed theocracy (rule by priests), farming, successful villages but idk much more, invaded by Aryans, and gone. Buddhism becomes very popular. isolated
*Lucy
remains of a female hominid
*Mahavira
a teacher that founded Jainism
*Zhang Qian
d
*mandarins
Chinese scholar- officials who had been trained in Confucian principles and possessed great class solidarity.
yin and yang
for every yin (bad) there is a yang (good)
*Confucius
The fifth century BCE philosopher whose doctrines were permanently infulential in Chinese education and culture.
scribe
a sharp-pointed awl for marking wood or metal to be cut
domestication
adaptation to intimate association with human beings
*Alexander the Great
Greek military leader whos armies conquerd vast amounts of land, ruler of 1st great European Empire of the ancient world
*ammurabi
King of the Babylonian empire; creator of the Code of Hammurabi, one of the world's oldest codes of law.
BUDDHISM- Liberty sheet
reaching a state of nirvana, four noble truths (life includes suffering) eightfold path. Living right.
hieroglyphics/ Rosetta stone
Egyptian pictographs, beginning as far back as 3000 BCE that could convey either an idea or a phonetic sound.
Era of Warring States
d
karma
The balance fo good and evil done in a given incarnation in Hindu belief.
Historiography
The writing of history so as to interpret it.
Patria/matriarchy
a society in which one sex has total dominance in both politics and economics.

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