History Final (people)
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- Hannibal
- Carthaginian general invades Italy from the north then defeated by scipio.
- Scipio
- Roman general defeats Hannibal's army
- Tiberius Gracchus
- elected Tribune and helps farmers and murdered by senators after they accuesed him of trying to gain power from poor
- Gaius Gracchus
- Tribure gave granin to poor and land, secured more rights for middle class (killed with his supporters)
- Spartacus
- slave who proclaimed war to free slaves of italy
- Marcus Licinius Crassus
- put 6000 slaves to death by crucification (beat Spartacus)
- Gaius Marius
- popular general. recruited poor to be in the armies and promised them money and land. (soldiers loyal to him rather than gov't)
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
-
captured Rome and became dictator had many opponents murdered
(beat marius's army) - Octavian
- became emperor "agustus caesar" ruled during pax romana , really good leader
- Tiberius
- augustus's so, good emperor (came after augustus
- Claudius
- cameafter tiberius to rule , insane
- Nero
- (claudius' stepson), bloodthirsty violence, blamed fire on christians, comitted suicide
- Vespasian
- elected emperor, restored discipline in army and put down uprisings in provinces of Gaul and Judea
- Nerva
-
chosen as respected senator (chose his successor--trajan)
[[adoptive system]] - Trajan
- brought mesopotamia under rome rule, eased taxes, building constructed
- Harian
- trajan's successor add more territory to empire had definensive wall built, was poet and architect
- Marcus Aurelius
- chose his son Commodus to be emperor
- Commodus
- marked end of Pax Romana
- Cornelia
- mother og Gracchus brothers. Influence roman politics
- Livia
- wife of Augustus
- Julia Domna
- in charge of gov't when son was fighting abroad
- Virgil
- poet who wrote Aeneid (gloridied romans talent to govern)
- Horace
- poet . criticized luxurious lived of wealthy romans. (said we should follow moderation)
- Ovid
- city dweller (spoke for upper class in his poetry)
- Juvenal
- keen observed or roman world (last great roman writer)
- ptolemy
- mathematician, geographer, astronomer geocentric theroyy.
- Galen
- greek, roman mediine ideas (scientist)
- cicero
- roman writer and orator considered obediance to law requirement of civilized life
- Diocletian
- made drastic changed forced farmers to stay on land.
- constantine
- Diolcletians successor
- attila
- huns emperor
- Alaric
- visigoth leader
- Odoacer
- declar3d king of Italy
- Theodoric
- Ostrogoth king encouraged scholarship at his court.
- pontius Pilate
- put Jesus to crucification
- Paul
- missionary who travele dto spread christianity
- Boethius
- Roman in Theo’s service and translated Aristotles writing from Greek to latin.
- Cassiodorus
- Roman in theo’s court collect and copied manuscripts (retired to a monastery)
- Isidore of Seville
- Bishop who wrote encyclopedua.
- Venerable Bede
- English monk wrote a comple history of the church of england.
- gregory I
- importatn first pope
- Saint Benedict
- set monastery rules
- Clovis
- united frankish trives and conquered Romans and germans in north Gaul. (married Clotilda) he was defeated by Theodoric
- Pepin II
- Reunited Frankish lands and ruled all the Franks
- Charles Martel
- Pepins son. ruled as mayor of the palace over Gaul. defeat invading muslim army at Battle of tours
- Pepin the Short
- son of Charles Martel king of franks; wanted franks to protect church from germanic tribe (lombards) so pope supported him. gained papal states (defeating lombards)
- Charlemagne
-
pepin's son. king of franks had church built at Aschen (devout christian)
expanded kingdom after conquering lombards. added bavaria (made saxons convert to christianity) croned emperor of Romans - Louis Pious
- inherits throne and tried to preserve his father empire
- blanche castile
- ruled france when son king louis was away. she brougth peace and unity among regions
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- inherited dad's rich lands in south france. rule and married king louis of france and then henry II or england.
- Alfred the Great
- ruler of West Saxons resisted the Danes and people accepted his rule.
- Willian the duke or normandy
- defeat saxons and conquered england
- Henry II
- common law and jury system develop under his law.
- Hugh Caapet
- named king by nobles but unable to control land
- otto the Great
-
became German king set stage for long struggle for power between german kings and pope.
convinced people to crown him Emperor of Romans - Pope GRegory
- said that only church has power to appoint bishops (excommunicated henry)
- Henry IV
- holy roman emperor and was excommunicated by pope gregory
- Innocent III
- papacy called for 4th crusade
- Prince Edward
- barons rebel supressed by him and called meetings or parliment
- Phillip II
- war with king john trioled his kingdoms side
- Pope Urban
- wanted europe to liberate holy land from muslims. excited lord and kights started crusades.
- King louis VII
- calls for second crusade
- Saladin
- united eqypt and syrian muslims under his sommand. invaded palestinian recaptured many cities like jerusasalam. (sultan of Egyplt)
- Thomas Aquinas
- member of dominican said both reason and christian teachings come from God. "Summa Theologica"
- Albert Magnus
- naturalist and medievel scholer taught thomas, wrote bout geology, chem...
- Roger Bacon
- english franciscan monk and philosopher studided science
- marie de france
- she was a poet on king Arthur
- dante
- poet of middle ages weote about beatrice divine comedy- journey through purgatory..
- john ball and wat tyler
- LED PEASANT REVOLT AGAINST NEW TAXES
- Edward II
- English king in hundred years war
- Joan of Arc
- Peasant who led French troops to victory at orleans
- Louis XI
- Shrewd ruler
- Henry VII
- Devote reign to unifying England
- Francesero Petrarch
- Italian poet led renaissance humanism
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- politician wrote "the prince"
- Erasmus
- dutch wrote the praise of folly
- Thomas More
- english wrote utopia
- montaigne
- french wroite essay and gargaunta and pantagreul
- cervanted
- don quixote
- jan van eyck
- developed oil painting
- giotto
- use of perspective
- raphael
- painted madonna human loving woman
- Michelangelo
- pieta sistine chapel painted
- Da vinco
- artist, engineer, scientist, last supper and mona lisa
- Brueghel
- dramatic painting of ordinary events
- rembrandt
- duch used light and dark in portraits
- albrecht durer
- german made paiting woodcuts and engravings
- Holbein
- portraits with personalities