A.P. US History Chapter 37
Terms
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- Lond Economic Conference 1933
- 66 nations, came together to try and find a worldwide solution to the great depression.
- Tydings-McDuffie Act
- stated that the philippines would receive their independence after 12 years of economic and political tutelage, 1946
- Soviet Union
- in 1933, FDR formally recognized them, hoped for trade, hoped they would discourage Germany and Japan aggression
- Latin America
- "Good neighbor" policy, US content to be regional not world power
- Seventh Pan-American Conference
- 1933, FDR renounced armed intervention in Latin America
- Haiti
- Marines left in 1934, year after the Seventh Pan-American Conference
- Cuba
- Released from Platt Amendment which allowed US to intervene
- Guantanamo
- Naval base retained in Cuba after relase from Platt Amendment
- Panama
- 1936, Washington released its grip on the isthmus nation
- Mexico
- seized Yankee oil properties in 1938
- Cordell Hull
- secretary of state, chief architect of reciprocal trade policy, Trade was two way street, helped pass Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act 1934
- Germany
- Led by Nazi Fascist Adolf Hitler, controlled with "big lie": to bring country back to greatness and out of poverty
- Italy
- Facist Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922. 1936 Hitler-Mussolini alliance, Rome-Berlin Axis. in 1935 conquered Ethiopia
- Japan
- slow growth of strength, refused to cooperate with the World. Armed itself by ending Washington Naval Trey in 1934. Walked out of London conference
- Gerald Nye
- 1934 Nye committee investigated whether munitions manufacturers were pro-war only to make more money. Press blamed manufacturers for dragging America into WWI
- Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act, 1934
- activated low-tariff policies while aiming at relief and recovery by lifgting American Trade
- Johnson Debt Default Act, 1934
- forbade any countries that still owed the US money from borrowing more.
- Neutrality Act, 1935,36,37
- proclaimed no Americans could sale on belligerent ships, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans. During foreign wars
- Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
- Spanish rebels led by Facist General Francisco Franco rose up against left-leaning republican govt.
- Treaty of Versailles
- peace settlement after WWI and in shadow of Russian Revolution in 1918. Between Germany and the allies in Versailles, France.
- Francisco Franco
- Fascist General Led Spanish Revolution, aided by Hitler and Mussolini
- Loyalist/Republicans
- Francisco tried to overthrow in Spain
- Marco Polo Bridge
- 1937 Japanese exploded, led to all-out invasion of China
- "Quarantine Speech"
- verbal chastise of Japan, called for "quarantine" (ecnomic embargoes) of Japan
- "Panay"
- Dec 1937, japanese bombed/sunk American gunboat, apology saves relations
- Rhineland 1936
- Demilitarized zone controlled by Allies, Hitler marched in.
- Austria, 1938
- German bloodless occupation. Allies hope this will appease Hitler
- Sudetenland 1938
- Hitler made bullying demands of neighbor Czechoslovakia. Given to appease
- Soviet Union 1939
- signed nonaggression pact with Germany shocking the world
- Poland 1939
- Split between Soviets and Germany. Britain and France are too late to help, falls in 3 weeks
- "Phony War"
- ominous silence, lull in war after collapse of Poland, before knockout blow to France
- Finland
- Invaded by Soviets, $30 million US help, nonmilitary reasons
- Denmark and Norway
- Hitler's invasion ended "Phony War"
- France
- June 1940, Blitz paralyzes France
- Dunkirk
- British salvages troops from French port, brings forth Winston Churchill
- Conscription
- first peacetime draft, 1.2mill troops, 800,000 were reserves.
- Netherlands, Denmark, and France
- orphaned colonies in New World
- Havana Conference 1940
- Uphold Monroe Doctrine, protect orphaned colonies
- Committee to Defend America by Aiding the allies
- "Britain in Fighting our Fight" "All Methods Short of War"
- America First Committee
- Isolationist, "England will fight to the last American" "protect American soils."
- September 2, 1940; Fifty old model, WW1 destroyers
- trade to Britain for eight defensive bases in West
- Lend-Lease
- abandoned pretense of neutraility, increased factory capacity to help Britain
- "Robin Moor"
- March 21, 1941. Unarmed American Merchant ship. Torpedoed by German submarine in South Atlantic outside war zone
- June 22, 1941
- Hitler devastates Soviets. "two fiends can slit each other's throats."
- Robert A taft
- senator of Ohio, son of ex-president, energetic boy wonder. Aspired to be Republican nominee for president.
- Thomas E. Dewey
- lawyer from New York, also aspired to be Republican nominee
- Wendell Wilkie
- swept Republican convention, rocketed from political nothingness, ran against FDR in 1940
- FDR
- re-elected 449 to 82, 27,307,819 to 22,321,018
- Burton Wheeler
- against Lend-lease, "the new AAA bill," "Plow under every fourth American boy"
- Atlantic Conference, August 1941
- Winston Churchill and FDR discuss common problems, (menace of Japan) produced 8-point Atlantic Charter
- Convoy of Merchant Ships Carrying Lend-lease Supplies
- NAVY escort supplies to Iceland, British take it from there. Clases with submarines
- "Greer"
- Sept 1941, destroyed attacked by German U-boat while trailing it, undamage.
- "Kearney"
- Oct 17, 1941. Crippled in battle with U-boats. 11 died.
- "Rueben James"
- Sunk off southwestern Iceland. More than 100 dead
- Mid-November 1941
- Congress pulls teeth from Neutrality Act of 1939. Merchant ships armed, enter combat zones with munitions for Britain, brace for attacks by Germans.
- September 1940
- Japan a Formal military ally of Germany
- Late 1940
- Washington imposes first embargo on Japan-bound supplies
- Mid-1941
- Freeze of Japanese assest in the US. Cessation of all shipments of gasoline and other sinews of war.
- November and early December 1941
- Final tense negotiations with Japan