Unit 2: The End of the Cold War, 1970-1990's
Terms
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- "ethnic cleaning"
- Milosevic's way of ensuring Serbian authority in Yugoslavia and quashing the movements for independence
- Gorbachev and Afghanistan
- wanted pro-Soviet regime but it hardened relationships b/t the USSR and the US and it cost too much $ so Gorbachev had to w/draw showing weakness
- the repeal of the Brezhnev Doctrine
- this caused the opening up of negotiations between the Polish gov't and Solidarity
- Ostpolitik
- "opening towards the east" won the noble peace prize and forced the us into detente also
- the charles martel club
- a terrorist group in France that used terrorism to bring authoritative regimes
- Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
- The Baltic states
- Al Queda
- led by bin laden- bombed US embassies, attacked the USS COLE, and 9.11
- the red brigades
- In italy used terrorism to bring down capitalism
- IRA
- Irish terrorist group aimed at kicking the British off their island
- Brezhnev Doctrine
- it was repealed in 1989 and this brought about the year of miracles
- Edward Gierek
- Polish Communist who borrowed heavily from Western nations to rebuild the economy which simply led to Poland's great debts
- Vietnam War
- 1960s event that forced Detente
- SDI
- "Star Wars" shield intened to stop all missiles that was really a fantasy intended to escalate the war
- Helmut Kohl
- Christian democratic union; b/c of an economic decline he was about to lose power but the euphoria of the unification of germany extended his administration (as first prez of reunited germany)
- Erich Honeker
- East German hardliner who used the secret police as his personal army ruled w/ iron fist for 18 yrs.
- Lech Walesa
- leader of the polish Solidarity party who was arrested and then later made the polish prez
- Karl Rahner
- tried to fit mideveal Catholicism in w/ the times
- Illegitimate Prez
- Ford b/c was never elected to a presidential office
- December 1989
- Romanian dictator went from complete control of his country to uprisings to the betrayal of his army to his trial to his and his wife's execution
- Watergate
- scandal that forced Nixon to resign and the end of Detente
- the Berlin wall fell
- signified the end of cold war divisions
- Democratic Forum
- right-of-center highly patriotic party that created a new gov't that committed Hungary to democracy and free market economy who crushed the communists in 1990
- the UN
- the women of the developing and developed nations met here where they basically agreed to disagree
- Milosevic
- filled the vacuum after the failure of a strong leader to rise after Tito
- rhetoric
- persuasive speech or writing: speech or writing that communicates its point persuasively "the evil empire" "tear down this wall"
- Yugoslavia
- multinational empire consists of 6 republics and 2 autonomous provinces
- 26+6=
- 1 united Ireland
- "no experimentation"
- Brezhnev's motto which = no reforms
- "Washington Outsider"
- Carter- he was a Georgian governor
- John XXIII
- created Vatican II
- ABM Treaty
- most important Detente treaty in which the US and the Soviet Union agreed to limit antiballistic missiles
- 1989
- This is known as the Year of Miracles
- Sartre
- wrote EXISTENTIALISM and said that God is dead and there is no hope or future
- Vatican II
- a bunch of catholic theologians got together and pondered
- separatist
- ethnic group who wants to separate from the state
- Kosovo
- Serbs believed it to be sacred b/c that is where they were beaten by the ottoman turks
- "New Thinking"
- Gorbachev's willingness to reevaluate the way Soviet foreign policy had always been; helped bring an end to the Cold War
- Falklands war
- Argentina tried to seize British colonial islands but the British responded w/ such force that they devastated the Argentian army
- KGB
- Soviet secret police
- Dec 25, 1991 the soviet Union was dismantled
- this brought an end to the Cold War w/ no shots fired
- Pravda
- "the truth" Soviet newspaper
- NGO
- non gov't org. -the UnitedWay for example
- Iran Crisis
- led to the end of Carter's presidency b/c he led by morals
- the Baltic states
- seceded from the USSR in 1990 (they were part of the USSR and not Soviet satellites)
- ethnic Albanians
- Kosovos inhabitants
- KLA
- a liberation army that campaigned in against Serbian rule in Kosovo used terrorism
- John Paul II
- greatly strengthened the church was the 1st italian pope for many yrs. and focused on the youth
- Serbian nationalism
- the reason why Milosevic remained in power
- environmental and peace movements
- after women had gained sexual "freedom" they began to think whats next and they began to join the _________________________
- Andropov
- leader of KGB too old and sick to reform supported Gorbachev
- Glasnost
- "openness" Gorbachev encouraged the people to have and voice their own opinons about the way the country was run
- Karl Barth
- said that w/o God's grace we can not know religious truth b/c we live in a fallen world
- Clinton
- advocated the NATO air strikes on the Serbian army
- Brezhnev's economic problems
- 1. command economy 2. agricultural problems (3. workers didn't work or care)
- neo-liberal view of Regan
- he STINKS b/c he slashed domestic spending by the $ spent escalating the Cold War
- January 1, 1993
- Czechoslovakia split into 2 countries- Czech republic and Slovakia
- foreign policy
- thatcher's policy that was similar to Regan's
- Serialism and neo-classism
- forms of modern music
- 1986 speech
- at the 27th Congress in which Gorbachev declared that radical reforms, new technology, new attitudes and CHANGE are needed
- European Union
- EC changed to the _______
- The reunification of Germany
- The biggest miracle of 1989
- Boris Yeltsin
- when the hardliners arrested Gorbachev and tried to seize power he almost single handedly quashed the revolt
- the euro
- in 1999 it was adopted as the official currency of the European Union
- Jackson Pollock
- made drip paintings which was the last stage of modern art
- Basic Treaty
- west and east Germany officially recognized each other and decided to be good neighbors; part of ostpolitik
- Dayton Accords
- all sides of the Bosnian war met in Ohio and eventually agreed to split Bosnia b/t the Serbs and Muslim Croats
- women of western nations
- were concerned about economic, political, and sexual freedom
- CIS
- group formed to prevent the forming power vacuums
- SALT II
- significant disarmament treaty that could have been a major part of Detente but b/c of Afghanistan Carter pulled out of Senate
- Communism with a face lift
- the name of Kadar's economic reforms
- Helsinki Accords
- 1975 recognised European borders and promised human rights but the Soviet Union never intended to follow through
- Croatia
- september 1991 the yugoslavian army initiated a full assault on this country in which they gained 1/3 of the property by brutal force
- guest workers
- faced many problems such as poor social benefits, poor living conditions, and persecution
- Mitterand
- french leader socialist
- Andy Warhol
- pop artist who was originally an advertisement artist
- Vladimir Putin
- current Russian prez ex member of KGB
- Autonomous
- essentially independent
- theater of the absurd
- dramas who had different ideologies than the fixed ideology of the times and was the last stage of modern literature
- nationalism in the Soviet Union
- many different ethnicities in the Soviet union= tensions and people defended their own ethnicity
- women of developing nations
- catholic- were concerned about their families and family values, sickness, hunger, poverty etc.
- neo-conservative view of Regan
- he is AWESOME b/c he ended the Cold War w/ escalation
- Chechnya
- wanted to separate but the Soviet Union would not allow it but fighting lasted to 2000 and it cost the Soviet Union lots of $ and resources
- Aleksander Kwanieuski (sp?)
- former commy who defeated Walesa in polish presidential elections because of the severe unemployment and popular discontent w/ Walesa
- willy brandt
- West German Social Democratic Chancellor who introduced ostpolitik
- European racist parties
- were created b/c of the bitterness of the hard working foreigners taking the jobs of the lazy natives
- SALT I
- nothing was actually accomplished in this treaty besides the fact that it was the first arms treaty
- Poland
- this country leads the yr. of miracles
- first prez of Russia
- Boris Yeltsin
- Vaclav Havel
- led a writers rebellion and succeeded Husak and helped bring Czechoslovakian communism down granted amnesty to 300,000 prisoners
- Camus
- said i neither believe in God nor am i an atheist
- INF
- 1st significant disarmament treaty that was approved by the Senate
- Thatcherism
- the "iron lady's" economic policies which improved the economy in some parts of the country but greatly worsened them in others and cut education
- Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
- showed the weakness of the Soviet Union
- Chernobyl
- nuclear disaster that made people more aware of environmental issues
- Nagy
- Hungarian Communist leader praised ________'s popular revolution after the repeal of the brezhnev doctrine
- June 1991
- Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence from Yugoslavia
- Charter 77
- czech dissident group that blamed Communism for damages on the environment
- Solidarity
- the workers union that turned into a political party
- October 3, 1990
- the political reunification of Germany!!!
- birthrates
- began to sink dramatically with the rise of the feminist movement
- Tito
- nonserbian Yugoslav leader led a communist country that was not soviet influenced
- the cold war
- greatly sped up the technological and scientific developement of western nations
- Thatcher
- British labour party prime minister who broke the labor unions
- Chirac
- French leader conservative