World History Chapter 2 -Enlightenment
Terms
undefined, object
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- Salons
- informal social gatherings in which ppl excahnged ideas.. all people are considered = in these
- Soloniérs
- person having a salon
- Salon in Rue Saint Honoré
-
Marie Thérése Rodet started w- Fancois Geoffrin... Famous ppl
gathered - Enlightened despots
-
absolute rulers who used their power to bring about social and political change
Fredrick the great-Prussia- him plus voltaire developed prussian academy of sci
Catherine the great- Russia
Joseph II- Peasant emporer, ended censorship, serfdom - baroque
- colorful, full of excitement, glided bronze/marble/crystal
- rococo
- delicate, flowry
- Act of Union
- 1707- G.B+Scotland= U.K.
- Robert Walpole
- Molded cabinet to unified body- first prime minister
- House of Lords
- Made up of Highest nobles in Britan
- George III
- 60 year rule, American Revolution, War with Napolean
- Montesquieu
- Liked Monarchy, checks and balances
- Voltaire
-
Targeted corrupt officials, offended Church, Louis XV hated
Francois Marie Arouet - Rosseau
- Ppl naturally good, corrupted from society, Common good> Individual
- Diderot
- wrote encyclopedia
- Laissez Faire
- no or little government interference (opposit of mercantilism)
- Locke
- People had natural rights-Life, Liberty, Property, gov- protect those, ppl can overthrow if fails
- Hobbes
- Naturally cruel humans, Government= social contract- an agreement by which they gave up the state of nature for an organized society. Monarchy is best
- Adam smith
- wanted Laissez faire
- Persian letters
-
Fake-Ubsbek and Rica
Real- Charles de Secondat - Machiavelli
- state over individual, must do what they have do do, must expand or decay- can't stand still
- Desiderius Erasmus
-
In Praise of Iolly
Criticized church interpretations of the bible - Francois Rabelais
-
Garganta and Panta gruel
Ridiculed society's dogma and hypocrisy - Michelangelo Buanrroto
-
sculptor and painter
painted the sistine chapel mural 1508-12
Also poet and architect, designed st peter's church - Raphael
- painted frescos and madonnas
- Titan( venice)
-
religious subjects painted
supported by Holy Roman Emporer, french king - Nicholas Copernicus
- Helio Theory
- Galileo Galilei
- Astronomy and phys, Italian
- Johann Kevler
- Astronomy- eliptial orbits
-
Van Eyck bros (1400s)
Peter Brueinel -
adoration of the lamb
Flemish artists - Leonardo da vinci
- anatomy, phys, astronomy
- Albrecht Durer
- - coper engraving/wood (german)
- Hans Holbein
-
- portraits of More, Erasmus, Henry VIII
(German) - Andreas Vesalius
- Investigated human anatomy- Belgium
- William Harvey
-
circulation of blood
English - Issac Newton
-
1687
Explained many natural laws, suggested answer, simulated sci investigation
cause and effect
truth by method reason (Age of Reason)
Gravity - Baldassare Castiglione
- well rounded man- proper behavior of gentlemen
- Freancesco Petrach
-
Father of humanism
master of lyric poetry
admired Cicero
Italian - Gianni Boccacio
- DeCameron- criticized clergy 1350
- Dogma
- ideas always have been believed but dont have much proof
- Quaran vs Bible
-
How to be muslim vs
Moral Stories - Descartes
- "I think, therefore, I am"
- Pandora's box
- bad move by pope, caused spread of ideas (non-christian)
- First estate
-
10 percent land, collected tighes, no direct taxes
clergy - Second Estate
-
Nobles
In middle ages-knights
later- gov
later- nobles
hated absolutism- would lose no-tax privilege - Third estate
- middle class, peasants
- Bourgeosie
- middle class- bankers merchants manufacturers
- Deficit spending
- gov spending more money than it takes in
- Great fear
- tales of attackers, gov seizing crops
- Marquis de lafayette
-
"Hero of 2 worlds"
Fought alongside Washington - National guard
- middle-class militia organized in response to royal troops in Paris
- Paris Commune
- radical group, could mobilize ppl for protests
- Emigres
- nobles clergy and others who fled rev france
- National Assembly
-
ended nobles manorial dues, hunting rights, status, ablosihed feudalism
equalityh before law
declaration of rights of man and citizen - women marched
-
oct 5 1789
12 mi to see king, marie antionette- king returned to Paris - Declaration of Pilnitz
- Louis Xiv,king of prussia, emp of austria issued this
- Vendee
- western region of france wehre royalists rebelled, sans0culottes demanded relief, convention divided between Jacobins-radica, Girondins
- Directory
-
3rd cosntitution- 5 man directory, 2 house legislature
leaders failed to solve probs, protected selves - Red liberty caps
- tricolor by nat guard
- Nationalism
- aggressive feeling of pride and dvotion to one's country instead of devotion to local party
- natural laws
- lawas that govern human nature
- natural rights
-
rights that belonged to humans from birth
life, liberty, property - philosophes
- lovers of wisdom
- Johann Sebastian Bach
-
German Lutheran
wrote religious works for organs, choris - George Fredercik Handel
-
wrote Water Music, Messiah
German/ spent life in England - Daniel Defoe
- Robinson Crusoe
- Samuel Richardson
- Pamela- series of letters to tell a story
- Treaty of Utrecht
- France gave Britan Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
- Treaty of Paris
- All of French Canada 1763
- constitutional gov
- a gov whos power is defined and limited by law
- Political parties (British)
-
Whigs-liberal, urban business
Tories- Conservatives, aristocrats, preserve - ancien regime
- old order
- slogan
- "Liberty, equality, Fraternity"
- Neo-Classicism
-
Main painter: Jacque Louis David
Realistic but Idealistic - Jean-Paul Marat
- writer for the Jacobins- if hungry, can cut a man's throat
- Jacques Brissou
-
leader of Girodins
guillotined in 1793 - Jacques Turgot
- 1st minister of finance for Louis XVI
- Girondists
- Political club