WWI Test (Phillips)

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Chapter 11, sections 1-4

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Railroad Administration: run by William McAdoo, set transportation limits and limits on wages
War Industries Board: Government's Central War Agency (1) allocated scarce materials (2) established production priorities (3) set prices
3 Challenges to Neutrality: (1) Britain stops any US ships bound for neutral countries to inspect them (2) Germans established "war zone" around GB - any ships entering got blown up by Uboats (3) May 7, 1915 - Germany sinks Lusitania (british) killing 128 Americans
National Defense Act: (June 1916) Increased the number of US soldiers in the army, navy and national guard.
Central Power Weapons: Machine Guns
Triple Entente: Russia, France, Great Britain
1915-1917: Lots of fighting, no one really gained anything.
Treaty of Versailles: (1) Germany's colonies & Ottoman Empire were divided among allies (2) Mandate System required new colonial leaders to report their administration of LON (3) New Nations -> Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (4) France reclaimed Alsace-Lorraine, and Germany lost its colonies
Trench Warfare: Fighting in ditches dug in the ground (rats, lice, floods, delayed burial, disease)
General John G Pershing: led the first US troops into France to build hospitals, camps, phone and telegraph lines, docks, and railroads
Great Migration: 1915-1930; 200,000 - 550,000 African Americans moved north for better standard of living (racial violence still powerful)
main causes of WWI: militarism,alliances, imperialism, nationalism (m.a.i.n.)
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, US LATER
spark of WWI: assassination of austria-hungarian arch duke franz ferdinand by serbian nationalist
WWI RESULTS: 8.5 million people died... 21 million wounded... Germany & Russia suffered greatest losses... Northern France completely destroyed
Paris Peace Conference: 1919, Big Four attended, everyone but Wilson wanted to blame Germany for WWI
Zimmerman Note: Asked Mexico to side with Germany, so it could reclaim lost territories in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
Espionage Act: 1917, outlawed treason (opposing draft, criticizing government, flag, or military)
Everyone's Weapon: Poison Gas (green mist, mustard gas)
Self - Determination: the right of the people to govern themselves (9 pts deal with it)
Sussex Pledge: A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire(Turkey), Bulgaria
League of Nations (LON): Est. 1920...Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, consisted of permanent admin staff, an assembly, and a council. Members tried to negotiate peacefully, then a waiting period if this failed before war.
Sedition Act: 1918, outlawed treason (opposing draft, criticizing government, flag, or military)
Big Four: Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)
Allied Power Weapons: Tanks
Wilson's 14 Points: program for world peace after WWI (creation of League of Nations)
Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Autria-Hungary
U-Boat Warfare: Germany resumed this in 1917 to try to win before the US entered the war.
Selective Service Act: Required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for the draft
Herbert Hoover: head of the Food Administration
LON Intended Council Countries: France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, US (US walked out)
Herb's Food Ideas: (1) encouraged an increase in agriculture (2) conserve food supply (3) guaranteed high food prices ("food will win the war") (4) encourage meatless, sweetless, wheatless, and heatless days
Lusitania: British Ship, sunk by U-boats on May 7th, 1915, killing 128 Americans and causing America to go to war.
Committee on Public Information: (1) Est. by Wilson in 1917 (2) Headed by George Creel (3) attempted to sell the war to Americans (4) pictured Germans as evil monsters

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