chapter 25 prep + book
Terms
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- hitler
- leader of the nazi party (national socialist german workers party), the party did not represent the workers but instead was an extremely nationalistic and violently anticommunist. he was imprisoned in 1923 because he took part in a Munich uprising. he wrote Mein Kampf (My struggle) which spelled out his goals for the German people. HE also became the totalitarian dictator of Germany during the 1930's.
- third reich
- adolf hitler's name for his regime.
- fascism
- dictatorial and totalitarian system of government in which the government maintains rigid control of hte people throuhg force.
- great depression
- worldwide depression beginning in 1929.
- prohibition
- forbidding the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
- roosevelt
- elected president of the US in 1932, he immediately embarked upon a program of relief and reform called the new deal.
- trostky
- one of the main contenders to replace lenin as leader of the communist party in russia, he ws a talented party organizer, had almost single-handedly createdt he red army that defended the bolshevik revolution. he emerged securely as leader. trostky went into exile and was later murdered in mexico, reportedly on stalin's order.
- nationalize
- to put industries, land, or resources under government control or ownership.
- the waste land
- famous poem written by eliot, giving a despairing description of a world without faith, incapable of restoring spiritual and moral values.
- economic boom
- sudden increase in prosperity
- comintern
- communist international, organized to spread revolution throughout the world.
- new deal
- franklin d roosevelt's program to rebuild the US economy. the national government granted each state money for food, shelter, and clothing for ht eneedy, plus the government began a program of public works.
- weimar republic
- after germany surrendered in WWI, germany was declared a repulic in nov. of 1918. this was not popular with the german people, the republic had been born in the desire to end the war and to avoid a revolution in germany as had occurred in russia.
- comintern
- communist international, founded by lenin to spread revolution throughout the world.
- easter rising
- irish nationalist revolt in 1916.
- PIcasso
- painter who was one of the creators of cubism.
- social security act
- 1935 law providing or unemployment and old-age benefits for americans.
- market speculations
- risky investments
- new economic policy
- lenin's 1921 attempt to stimulate the soviet economy.
- on margin
- practice of buying stocks using only the value of the stock or its expected profit as security.
- Eliot
- experimental poet of the 1920's; wrote The Waste Land
- corporatist state
- system in which a country's major economic activities, such as agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, and commerce are formed into syndicates that resemble corporations.
- five year plan
- under stalin's command economy, the government made all the economic decisions. it set agricultural, industrial, and social goal that were very ambitious from 1928 to 1938.
- general strike
- refusal by workers in various industries tow ork until their demands are met.
- johnson act
- 1934 law that prohibited loans to countries that owed war debts tot he US.
- union of soviet socialist republics
- name given to russia in 1922
- collective farm
- large farm on which people work together as a group. during the first five year plan in Russia the government turned 90% of the productive farmladn into collective farms.
- wright
- amrican architect who wrote in clear, simple prose. his aim, apparaent in A Farewell to Arms (1929) was to express the stark disillusionment wiht life so common in the yeras after WWI.
- purge
- act of forcing people to leave an organization or an area.
- economic nationalism
- policy that anation uses to try to improve its economic well-being by establishing protetive tariffs and similar restrictions on the import and export of goods.
- kafka
- surrealistic czech writer who attempted to merge conscious and uncouscious ideas to portray and interpret life in a dreamlike way. after his death in 1924 his orks were published. (The Trial and The Castle)
- porter
- composer of popular music in the US
- mein kampf
- book written by adolf hitler in the 1920's expressing the spirit of the nazi movement.
- roaring twenties
- nickname for the 1920's becasue of the booming economy and fast pace of life during that era.
- command economy
- economic system in which government planne smake all economic decisions
- locarno pact
- a number of treaties signed in 1925 guaranteeing existing franco-german boundaries and negotiating other outstanding issues.
- maginot line
- steeel and concrete fortifications construted by france.
- international style
- style of architecture that was functional, plain and severe, using uninterrupted expanses of steel and glass.
- tennessee valley authority
- US government agency that built dams and provided other services in teh valley of the tennesse river starting in the 1930's.
- functionalism
- form of architecture based on the principle that a building should be designed for its specific use.
- popular front
- left-wing coalition government of france in the late 1930's.
- politburo
- the political bureau of the communist part; the small committee that held most of hte power in the soviet union.
- rome-berlin axis
- alliance formed in 1936 between germany and italy.
- planned economy
- an economy in which governemtn direscts the use of national resources and regulates the economy to achieve both goals and stability.
- Mussolini
- italian dictator who founded Fascism. he created a totalitarian regime wiht all of power to make decisions in his hands. his famous quote is "i am the state"
- stalin
- he managed to establish himself as the totalitarian dictator of russia. under stalin the soviet people still experienced rule by fear.
- cubism
- style of painting that emphasizes geometric forms, shapes, and designs.
- popular front
- left-wing coalition government formed by several french political parties in the late 1930's.
- surrealism
- artistic technique that attempts to portray and interpret life as it takes place in a dream.