APUSH - Unit VI
Chapter 22 (The Progressive Era) through Chapter 25 (Whirlpool of War)
Terms
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- Teller Amendment
- Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
- Dollar Diplomacy
- policy of intervening in other countries to protect u.s. business interests
- Frederick W. Taylor
- Principles of Scientific Management, author of; Increase working output by standardizing procedures and rewarding those who worked fast.
- Pearl Harbor
- base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war
- Social Security
- social welfare program in the U.S.
- Gentlemen's Agreement
- Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
- Neutrality Acts
- laws that banned arms sales or loans to countries at war
- Woodrow Wilson
- 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
- Yellow Journalism
- Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
- Lend Lease
- A program under which the United States supplied U.K, USSR, China, France, and other allied nations with vast amounts of war meterial between 1941 and 1945 in return for, in the case of Britain, Military bases in New Foundland, Bermuda, and the British West Indies. It began in March 1941, nine months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. It was abruptly stopped by the Americans immediately after V-J day.
- Atlantic Charter
- FDR and Chuchill meeting that stated that condemned aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament.
- Dust Bowl
- a region subject to dust storms
- Upton Sinclair
- a social reformer, "The Jungle", informed society about unfair labor practices and unsanitary conditions in the packing houses
- Progressive Party
- a former political party in the United States
- John Maynard Keynes
- English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
- Robert LaFollette
- A great debater and political leader who believed in libertarian reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.
- Fourteen Points
- a plan proposed by President Wilson post WWI to uphold global peace and justice
- Franco
- Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)
- Charles Lindbergh
- United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
- Prohibition
- a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
- Food and Drug Act
- sparked by The Jungle; empowered to test and certify drugs before they went on sale.
- CCC
- Civilian Conservation Corps. It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.
- Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
- Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland
- Adolf Hitler
- German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
- Moral Diplomacy
- Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, would spead the ideas of human rights, democracy and world peace
- WPA
- Work Progress Administration: Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting; disbanded by FDR during WWII
- Bonus Army
- Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash
- Hepburn Act
- This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.
- Munich Conference
- Hitler promised that Germany would seek no further territory once it required the Sudtenland
- TVA
- Tennessee Valley Authority: architectural, educational, health, and controversial public power projects
- Mao Zedong
- Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)
- Frances Perkins
- U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.
- Treaty of Portsmouth
- in 1905, it gave Japan control of Korea and rights in ports of Manchuria
- Sedition Act
- made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government
- NRA
- National Recovery Administration: established and adminstered a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices
- Gunboat Diplomacy
- diplomacy in which the nations threaten to use force in order to obtain their objectives
- Henry Ford
- developed the mass-produced Model-T car, which sold at an affordable price. It pioneered the use of the assembly line. Also greatly increased his workers wages and instituted many modern concepts of regular work hours and job benefits.
- Article X
- This part of the Versailles Treaty morally bound the U. S. to aid any member of the League of Nations that experienced any external aggression.
- 19th Amendment
- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
- William Taft
- 27th president, known for: Admittance of New Mexico and Arizona, trust-busting, strengthening of Interstate Commerce Commission, belief in world peace. Wanted to be supreme justice, got distant from TR
- Good Neighbor Policy
- FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region
- Great War
- Alternate name for WWI.
- Platt Amendment
- Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
- Jingoism
- extreme patriotism; favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
- Open Door Policy
- A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
- Albert Einstein
- physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity
- Franklin Roosevelt
- 32nd President of the United States
- League of Nations
- an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
- Stalin
- Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
- Jim Crow Laws
- Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
- Big Four
- The major Allied leaders who made all of the important decisions at the Peace Conference at Versailles. Georges Clemensau (France), Woodrow Wilson(U.S.), Vittorio Orlando(Italy), David Lloyd George(Britain).
- Versailles
- where the treaty ending World War I was signed in 1919
- Espionage Act
- 1917, outlawed treason (opposing draft, criticizing government, flag, or military)
- Eugene Debs
- led railroad workers in Pullman strike, arrested; Supreme Court (decision in re Debs) legalized use of injunction (court order) against unions and strikes.
- William Jennings Bryan
- a three-time Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States; greatly supported and led the progressive movement and helped to enact the 18th amendment (prohibition).
- John Lewis
- Leader of CIO, helps incite United Mine Workers to strike in 43
- Lusitania
- American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI
- New Deal
- the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented
- Wagner Act
- built many public buildings, projects and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media and literacy projects. It fed children, redistributed food, clothing and housing
- Seward's Folly
- the purchase of Alaska
- America First Committee
- isolationists (incl. Charles A. Lindbergh)
- Neville Chamberlain
- British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)
- War Industries Board
- Headed by Bernard Baruch, could order businesses to support war by building more plants, etc.
- Ida B. Wells-Barnett
- had called international attention to the lynching of African Americans in the south in the 1890's; remained a highly audible voice against racial discrimination in Chicago, as well as the South
- Boxer Rebellion
- a 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.
- Meat Inspection Act
- law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
- National Womens Suffrage Association
- led by Carrie Chapman and Harriet Stanton Blatch; sought the support of working-class women and tied the economic exploitation of women to their lack of political power.
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
- Father Charles Coughlin
- a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system
- Red Scare
- nationwide panic and fear that communists might seize power in the US
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- heir to the throne of Austria-Hungry, assassinated by a member of the Black Hand
- Election of 1912
- Woodrow Wilson won. His organization was called the Bull Moose party
- Hoovervilles
- shantytowns named after the president whose fault it apparently was that the US was in the Great Depression
- Francis Townsend
- American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935.
- Wendell Willkie
- He led the opposition of utilities companies to competition from the federally funded Tennessee Valley Authority. His criticism of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt led to his dark-horse victory at the 1940 Republican Party presidential convention. After a vigorous campaign, he won only 10 states but received more than 22 million popular votes, the largest number received by a Republican to that time.
- Huey Long
- As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc
- Benito Mussolini
- Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)
- Herbert Hoover
- 31st President of the United States
- Gold Standard
- economy backed by gold which lowers inflation and helps country achieve economic prosperity silver and gold as a legal paper currency
- Flying Tigers
- This is the Chinese air force name in WWII.
- Theodore Roosevelt
- 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
- Hideki Tojo
- Prime minister of Japan during World War II
- Congress of Industrial Organizations
- a labor organization who broke away from the AFL in 1938
- Cash and Carry
- policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
- Margaret Sanger
- pioneered efforts tomake birth-control information available, in part to rescue working-class women from the burdens of having large numbers of children.