American Life in the "Roaring Twenties"

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What was the "Red scare"?: The period after WWI whe people were afraid of radical philosophies.
Who was A. Mitchell Palmer?: He jailed & deported 6,000 immigrants (and radicals).
Unions were in favor of...: closed shop, meaning they must be in the union.
Who were Socco and Vanzetti?: Italian immigrants/anarchists who murdered a guard. They were convicted and sentenced to death, but people said they were convicted for who they were, instead of what they had done.
What was the Ku Klux Klan?: Anti-foreigners, -Catholic, -Jew, -pacifist, -birth control, -communist, -black (5 million members)
What was the Emergency Quota Act?: 1921; 3% of total # of immigrants from 1910 could come to US.
What was the Immigration Act?: 1924; 2% of total # of immigrants from 1890 could come to US.
Which immigrants were basically eliminated?: Japanese
What's the significance of the year 1931?: More Americans left than arrived.
What was the Volstead Act?: 1919; this law made drinking a crime.
What were "speakeasies"?: Saloons
What were "rum runners"?: Alcohol smugglers
What was "moonshine"?: Homemade alcoholic beverage
What was one result from the Volstead Act/prohibition?: Worker absenteesim decreased, and the workers' savings increased.
Where was the center of gangsters?: Chicago
Who was Al Capone?: "Scar face"; St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1929), he rounded up a bunch of gangsters and shot them.
What is extortion?: Protection $; gangs made people pay so that they don't hurt them. They protected them fr. other gangs, but threatened them.
In 1929, what was the life expectancy?: 59 yrs.
What subject was a crime to teach?: Evolution
Who was John Scopes?: 1925, he was accused of teaching about evolution in Dayton, Tennessee.
Who was the prosecutor in Scopes' trial?: William Jennings Bryan
Who was the defense attorny in Scopes' trial?: Clarence Darrow
Who was H.L. Mencken?: A journalist
What happened between Bryan and Darrow?: Darrow humiliated Bryan, and Bryan died 5 days later.
Who was Henry Ford?: He created Model T (1912-1931).
How many cars were in the US in 1930?: 30 million
Who stressed education for life (elective classes)?: John Dewey
What did Bruce Barton wrote?: "The Man Nobody Knows", giving rationale justifying advertising. If Jesus were still alive, he would be an ad-man.
What did people have?: Leisure time
Who was the major league pitcher for Red Sox and batter for Yankees?: George Herman "Babe" Ruth
Who attracted 100,000 spectators?: Jack Dempsey
What sport was illegal?: Boxing
Boxers were mostly what nationality?: Irish
Who was the famous football player?: Harold "Red" George
What was the center of automobiles?: Detroit
Which industries prospered b/c of automobiles?: Steel, rubber, glass, fabrics, roads, service stations, auto repair, & petroleum.
Which industry was hurt b/c of automobiles?: Railroad
By what were roads financed?: Gas taxes
The automobile was a symbol of what?: Freedom
What were the advantages of cars?: Leisure hours on driving vacations, freed women from dependence on men, less attractive stages lost population, and suburbs spread farther.
What were some disadvantages of cars?: Smog and deaths b/c of car accidents.
Who were Orville and Wilur Wright?: They successfully flew a plane on Dec. 17, 1903 in Kittyhawk, North Carolina.
Where was the first transcontinental airmail route established?: Fr. NY to San Francisco in 1920.
Who's the greatest hero of this period?: Charles A. Lindbergh
Who was Charles A. Lindbergh?: 1st solo pilot on the plane "Spirit of St. Louis" to go west-to-east; flew from NY to Paris.
Who invented the wireless?: 1890; Marconi
What was the first radio station?: KDKA, Pittsburgh; Nov. 1920
What was the first real movie with a story/plot?: 1903; "The Great Train Robbery"; 1/2 hr. movie produced by Edison Co.
Who was D.W. Griffith?: He produced the movie "The Birth of a Nation" (1915); used zoom in/zoom out.
What became the center of movies?: Hollywood; b/c of weather.
What is a "talkie"?: A movie that had people actually talking and not mouthing the words.
What was the 1st talkie?: "The Jazz Singer" starring Al Jolson, 1927.
How many admissions were sold for movies per week?: 100 million
Who became the standards of living?: Film stars
What was the standardization of American culture?: Americans weren't as socially isolated.
What was the language used in movies?: Mid-atlantic
Who was Margaret Sanger?: An advocate for birth control.
What were "flappers"?: Women who cut their hair short ("bobbed" their hair), smoked, and described themselves as more liberal.
What did Sigmund Freud say?: Mental health required sexual gratification.
How many Africans lived in Harlem by 1920?: 100,000; Harlem was the largest African-American community.
Who was Marcus Garvey?: Founder of the United Negro Improvement Association; promoted resettlement of American blacks in Africa.
Who was Henry L. Mencken?: Author; criticized American society; called middle-class American the "booboisie."
What did F. Scott Fitzgerald write?: "The Great Gatsby"; glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society.
What did Theodore Dreiser write?: "An American Tragedy"; murder of pregnant working girl by her socially ambitious young lover.
What did Ernest Hemingway write?: "The Sun Also Rises," "A Farewell to Arms"; writing style was short sentences and few adjectives.
What did Sherwood Anderson write?: "Winesburg, Ohio"
What did Sinclair Lewis write?: "Main Street"; about middle America
What did William Faulkner write?: "The Sound and the Fury"; about deep south
What did T.S. Eliot write?: Poem "The Waste Land"
What did Robert Frost write?: Poem "The Road Not Taken"
What was the significance of e.e. cummings?: Poet; relied on unorthodox diction and peculiar typesetting to produce poems.
What did Eugene O'Neill write?: "The Iceman Cometh"
Who was Langston Hughes?: Writer; led renaissance
Who was Frank Lloy Wright?: Architect
What did Andrew Mellon?: Lowered taxes b/c he believed high taxes discouraged business.
What does buying stocks "on margin" mean?: Small down payment.
Who was the 1st pres. in office when women had the right to vote?: Harding
Who was the secretary of treasury?: Andrew Mellon
Who was the secretary of commerce?: Herbert Hoover
Who was the secretary of interior?: Albert Fall
Who was the attorney general?: Harry Daugherty
What was the Adkins v. Children's Hopsital?: The Court invalidated a minimum wage law for women.
What did Daugherty use to end the strike?: Injunction
What was the Veterans' Bureau?: Created by Congress in 1921, authorized to operate hospitals and provide vocational rehabilitation for disabled.
What was the American Legion?: Founded in Paris 1919 By TR Jr.; superpatriotic
What was the Adjusted Compensation Act?: 1924; gave veterans a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 yrs.
Where did the US drill oil?: Mideast
What was the Washington Disarmament conference?: 1st time nations voluntarily agreed to reduce armament; US:G.Britain:Japan:France: Italy; 5:5:3:1.5:1.5
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?: 1928; signed by 62 nations, outlawed war
What was the Fordney-McCumber Tariff?: Raised tariff from 27% to 38.5%.
What did Col. Charles Forbes do?: Stole $200 million from Veterans Hospital.
What did Albert Fall do?: Hw gave Ed Doheny and Henry Sinclair the right to drill Teapot Dome, WY, and Elk Hills, CA. Doheny gave $300,000 to Fall and Sinclair $100,000.
How many years did Fall get sentenced to?: 1
Doheny and Sinclair were...: acquitted.
Harry Daugherty was convicted of what?: Selling pardons and medicinal alcohol.
When did Harding die?: Aug. 2, 1923, 2 yrs. into his administration, from a stroke.
Who took office after Harding died?: Calvin Coolidge.
Who prospered in the 20's for the 1st time?: Farmers
What was the McNary-Haugen Bill?: Govt. would buy farm surpluses; vetoed by Coolidge.
Who were the candidates for the 1924 election?: Coolidge (R), John W. Davis (D), La Follette (Progressives)
Describe the 2 types of Democrats.: (1)Drys, rural, fundamentalist, southern conservatists, old lime Americans, (2) Wets, urban, modernists, northern liberals, immigrants
What was the Dawes plan?: US banks loaned $ to Germany so that Germany could pay France and G. Britain so that France and G. Brtain could pay US.
Who were the candidates for the 1928 election?: Herbert Hoover (R), Alfred Smith (D)
What phrase is associated w/ Hoover?: "Rugged individualism"
What hurt Smith's chance of winning?: He was Roman Catholic and a wet/urban democrat.
Isolation didn't apply where?: Latin America
What was the Agricultural Marketing Act?: Govt. to loan $ to farmers/farm organizations; created Farm Board
What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?: 60% tariff; highest tariff
What does "making a killing" mean?: Doing well in the stockmarket.
What happened Oct. 24 and 29 of 1929?: Black Thursday - stockmarket crash, Black Tuesday - another stockmarket crash
Why couldn't people get their $ back ("run on the bank")?: B/c the banks loaned the money.
What was the Great Depression?: People lost optimism
Marriage and birth rates did what?: Dropped
Name 5 causes of the depression.: (1) Overspeculation on manufacturing, (2) disproportionate distribution of wealth, (3) overextension of credit, (4) shaky foreign economies (Hawley-Smoot Tariff), (5) natural disasters (drought in Mississippi).
What were Hoovervilles?: Clusters of homeless people.
How much did the Hoover dam cost to build?: $2.25 billion
What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?: US govt. lending bank. It was designed to provide indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and even hardpressed state and local governments.
What was the Norris-La Guardia Act?: 1932; outlawed yellow dog (antiunion) contracts and forbade federal courts to issue injunctions to restrain strikes, etc. Signed by Hoover.
What did the veterans do?: Demanded immediate payment. 20,000 veterans went to capital in 1932 and created a Hooverville. Hoover called army to get rid of the "Bonus Army." Army used tear gas and injured veterans.
What happened in 1931 involving Japan?: Japan attacked Manchuria, China, and changed the name.
What didn't Hoover believe in?: Direct govt. relief.
What was the major weakness of the League of Nations?: US didn't join.
What was the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine?: US wouldn't recognize any territory claimed by force.
What territory was bombed in 1932 or 1937?: Shanghai
From where did Hoover withdraw troops?: Haiti/Nicaragua
What was the Good Neighbor Policy?: Withdrawal of American bayonets by 1934.
How did business people discourage unions?: They called it communism, "Red Scare."
What did the Immigration Quota Act discriminate against?: Eastern/Souther (Mediterranean) Europe
What was the Immigration Quota Act based on?: Nationality
Where was the most opposition to prohibition?: Cities
How did manufacturers solve their problem of overmanufacturing?: By using advertisement.
Who was the 1st efficiency expert?: Frederick Taylor
In the 1920s, there were more _____ than _____.: urban;rural
What was the contribution of African Americans?: Jazz
Why did Africans move north during WWI?: Jobs
What was the earliest involvement in the east?: Oil
What did Europe do when US raised tariffs?: They raised their own tariffs.
What was Teapot Dome?: Oil belonging to navy was drilled.
What was the biggest problem for farmers/manufacturers?: Overproduction
European nations argued that they didn't have to pay reparations b/c...?: They paid in blood.
What was Al Smith's nickame?: "Happy Warrior"
Which law contributed to the Great Depression?: Hawley Smoot Tariff
The Bonus Army was aka as what?: Bonus Expeditionary Force
What hurt Hoover's popularity even more?: Bonus Army
What did Japan do?: Resigned fr. League of Nations.

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American Life in the &quot;Roaring Twenties&quot;

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American Life in the "Roaring Twenties"