Chapter 20- nation states and empiers in Europe
Terms
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- the three goals of this congress were to have compensation for the victors, restoration of the balance of power, and legitmacy.
- Congress of Vienna
- restoring the goverment before the reign of Napoleon and the French Revolution.
- legitmacy
- The name that the Congress of Vienna gave to the German states. Napoleon called it the Confederation of the Rhine.
- German Confederation
- When Czar Alexander had everyone sign this saying that they would rule as Christain Princes. Great Britain, the Papal, and the Ottoman Empire would not join.
- Holy Alliance
- The agreemeant to meet reguarly to maintain peace. Britain , Austria, Russia, and Prussia.
- Quardruple Alliance
- The chancellor of Germany. He did many good things for Germany.
- Otto von Bismarck
- Czar of Russia, most unpredictable at the Congress of Vienna.
- Czar Alexander I
- this system was to spread revolutionary and Enlightened ideas while maintaing peace in Europe.
- Concert of Europe
- These revolutions showed how different Eastern and Western Europe were. This occurred because of the growing power of the middle class and monarchies were able to put down liberals.
- Revolutions of 1848
- people who believed that individual interests must give way to the interests of society.
- socialists
- "Resurgence." Italian nationalistic movement in the early 1800's.
- risorgimento
- Secret Italian nationalist society launched in 1831 by writer Giuseppe. Mostly high school and college students.
- Young Italy movement
- German customs union set up in 1818 that inspired businnesspeople to support German unification.
- Zollverein
- Aristocratic landowners of Prussia that complained that tariffs increased prices of farm goods so much that they hurt sales.
- Junkers
- Political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual liberty and the government should ensure equal treatment to all.
- liberalism / liberals
- realistic politics, Bismarck pursued policies based on Prussian interests not liberalism
- Realpolitik
- German emperor
- kaiser
- chief administrative officer to the kaiser in Germany.
- chancellor
- Ottoman Empire
- "the sick man of Europe"
- The government of Austria -Hungary established in 1867 after Austria's defeat in the Seven Weeks War.
- Dual Monarchy
- A very bloody war, the British sent a suicide charge, first war that was photographed, and Florence Nightengale went right out of the battle field to help soliders.
- The Crimean war
- Bismarck held this meeting to discuss what to do about Constantinople. But the real reason was to overtrun Russian gains from the Ottoman empire.
- Congress of Berlin
- Government of Napoleon III in France; 1848. It had a new liberal constitution guaranteeing universal manhood suffrage.
- Second French Republic
- French government established by the French Assembly following the overthrow of Napoleon III.
- Third French Republic
- French government proclaimed by Parisians as they continued to fight against the Prussians in January of 1871.
- Commune
- Anti-Catholic movement in Germany.
- Kulturkampf
- The place that Dreyfus was sent. In South America.
- Devil's Island
- The man who was charged with helping the German Army, but there was no real evidence.
- Alfred Dreyfus
- He pushed for industry, starts private schools, and wants to be just like his uncle in France.
- Louis Napoleon/ Napoleon III
- The man who launched the Young Italy movement. Is the heart of this movement.
- Mazzini
- Is the brains of the Young Italy movement. Prime minister of Sardinia.
- Cavor
- Is the sword of the Young Italy movement.
- Garibaldi
- Land that Garibaldi captured and gave to the King of Sardinia to help unify Italy.
- Kingdom of the two Sicilies
- The nurse who was sent out onto the battle field, during the Crimean War, to save soliders.
- Florence Nightingale
- Representative of France, he served for everyone (nine lives)
- Talleyrand
- kaiser of Germany
- William I
- King of Prussia, tended to side with Alexander, and was greatful to for Russian help against Napoleon.
- Frederick William
- The King of Sardinia who was given the kingdom of the two Siciles.
- King Victor Emmanuel II
- British Prime minister of secret agreements who attended the Congress of Berlin.
- Benjamin Disraeli
- Kaiser who dismissed Bismarck to make reforms.
- William II
- Land given to British to balance out the Russians in Bulgaria.
- Bosnia
- Opposed the ideas of the French Revolution and mostly agreed with him at the Congress of Vienna.
- Metternich
- People who were loyal to their country and wanted change.
- National Liberals
- A war between Farnce and Prussia(Bismack) to get Germany to unify.
- Franco-Prussian War
- Who would get the land of the Ottoman Empire?
- The Eastern Question
- People who were opposed to Jews.
- anti-Semitism
- Party formed because of socialists who protested harsh factory conditions.
- Social Democratic Party
- Given the throne of Austria.
- Francis Joseph I
- Land regiven to the Russians but i much smaller and less important.
- Bulgaria
- The war that drove Austria out of the German Confederation in a very short time.
- Seven Weeks War
- Land owned by Austria that Sardinia wanted to help unify Italy.
- Venetia
- Upper house of the German government.
- Bundesrat
- Lower house of the German government.
- Reichstag
- The idea that the German people should bind through a deep love of their language, traditions and fatherland.
- Volkish Thought
- The case where a man was charged for spying for Germany. But there was no evidence that he actually did anything. He was Jewish.
- Dreyfus Affair
- Former Austrian territory given to the Netherlands.
- Belgium
- Italian provinces given to Austria. Became the most dominant power in Italy.
- Lombardy, Illyria, Tirol,and Venetia
- Land (that belonged to the German states) given to Prussia, instead of Russia, during the Congress of Vienna.
- Saxony
- The land controlled by the pope that does not want to become a part of Italy at first.
- Papal States
- The island off of Italy that will help to unify and create an Italy.
- Sardinia
- After Austria withdrew from Lombardy, rioting began in Milan. These revolts led to rulers granting constitutions. One was in this country?
- Tuscany
- A German state annexed by Prussia.
- Holstein
- Austria- Hungary Empire's main cultural center. Main great paintings, music, stories, etc. came from here and spread through the world.
- Vienna
- The place where most of the action of the Crimean War took place, a penisula on the north shores of the Black Sea.
- Crimea
- The king was Frederick William III, during the Congress of Vienna they were grateful for Russian help against Napoleon. They joined the Quadruple Alliance. And they wanted to unify Germany.
- Prussia
- Left Metternich to make descions during the Congress of Vienna. They had to give up land to stop Russia. They also joined the Quadruple Alliance. And they formed a secret alliance with the Britain and France incase Russia and Prussia acted agressively.
- Austria
- After the turks were defeated a treaty granted independence to three countries to form a large Bulgarian state under Russian rule.
- Montenegro, Romania , and Serbia
- The Austrian Royal family that marries there family to other countires so they can get control land.
- Habsburg Empire