derm review

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________: a circumscribed change in skin color without elevation or depression. ________: a solid elevated lesion usually 0.5 cm or less in diameter. ________: a raised lesion that has a greater area as compared to its elevation above the ski: Macule

Papule

Plaque

Wheal (hive)

Nodule
________: a circumscribed elevated lesion which contains free fluid. Vesicles are 0.5 cm or less in diameter _______: a circumscribed elevated lesion which contains pus. An abscess is usually in the dermis or subcutis. ________: a non-blanchi: Vesicle

Pustule

Purpura

Cyst
Albinism -People with albinism have little or no pigment in their _________(3). -They have inherited genes that do not make the usual amounts of melanin Autosomal _________ People with albinism always have problems with _______, and: eyes, skin, or hair

recessive

vision
Therefore the main test for albinism is simply an ____ exam ________ albinism involves the eyes, hair, and skin. _________albinism involves primarily the eyes, while skin and hair may appear similar or slightly lighter than that of other famil: eye

Oculocutaneous

Ocular

tyrosinase

"P"
3 > Cafe au lait spots are asso w/ __________ and rarely ___________ _________ is a type of birthmark that can be confused as a bruise from abuse: neurofibromatosis

McCune-Albright syndrom

Mongolian spots
ABCDEâ€™s of moles/melanoma ________- If you draw a line through this mole, the two halves should match. If it is asymmetrical, this is a warning sign for melanoma ______ â€“ benign nevi should have smooth rounded borders. The borders of: Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
______ a lesion with a centrally placed nevus surrounded by a white halo of depigmented skin. It is most commonly seen in adolescence, but can be observed at any age. Over a period of months to years, the halo nevus gradually involutes a: Halo Nevi
Staging of Melanoma: Stage __ - found only in the epidermis (in situ) Stage __ - less than 1 mm thick, no ulceration, confined to epidermis & upper dermis Stage __ - either less than 1 mm thick w/ ulceration OR 1-2 mm thick w/o ulcerat: 0
1A
1B
2A
2B
2C
Staging of Melanoma: Stage __ - (mets) tumor may be any thickness w/ or w/o ulceration AND has spread to 1 more lymph nodes OR spread to lymph system but no nodes OR spread to matted nodes OR satellite tumors Stage __ - tumor may be any thickn: 3

4
_________ - has the highest cure rate for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas and is the treatment of choice for locally recurrent skin cancers, offering cure rates of 95 to 97 percent Thin layers of tissue are systematically excised and examine: Mohs micrographic surgery
The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial Four key factors: follicular epidermal ___________ with subsequent plugging of the follicle excess _____ the presence and activity of ___________ _________: hyperproliferation

sebum

Propionibacterium acnes

inflammation
Acne Treatment: oral retinoids Reducing the secretion of oils from the glands. This is done by a daily oral intake of ________ derivatives like isotretinoin (marketed as ______,_______) over a period of 4-6 months. SE: dry sk: vitamin A

Accutane, Sotret

nosebleeds

liver enzymes & TGLs

birth defects
___________ is an uncommon and unusually severe form of acne characterized by burrowing and interconnecting ________ and irregular scars (both keloidal and atrophic), often producing pronounced disfigurement The comedones often occur in a group of 2: Acne conglobata (AC)

abscesses
___________, also known as acne maligna, was originally described as acute febrile ulcerative acne conglobata (AC) The primary features of this disease include sudden onset, severe and often ulcerating acne, fever, polyarthritis, and failure to resp: Acne fulminans (AF)

antibacterial
__________ refers to the occurrence of keloidlike papules and plaques on the occipital scalp and the posterior part of the neck, almost exclusively in African American men Initially, patients usually develop a chronic folliculitis and perifolliculit: Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN)

occipital
_____________ is a skin condition in which a person develops small, yellowish growths, usually on the face A variant of this condition, known as _______ condition causes tiny yellow dots in groups and sometimes in sheets on the lips, inside the mout: Sebaceous hyperplasia

Fordyceâ€™s
_______ is an inflammatory skin condition that causes redness of the face Its characteristics â€” small, red, pus-filled bumps or pustules â€” make rosacea often mistaken for _____ In fact, rosacea has been called adult acne or acne rosacea: Rosacea

acne
Rosacea Signs and Symptoms: Red areas on the face Small, red bumps or pustules on the nose, cheeks, forehead and chin (not the same as whiteheads or blackheads) Red, bulbous nose (________) â€“ more common in men Visible small blood: rhinophyma

ocular rosacea

flush or blush
Phases of Rosacea: ________ - Rosacea may begin as a simple tendency to flush or blush easily, then progress to a persistent redness in the central portion of the face, particularly the nose. This redness results from the dilation of blood vessels c: Pre-rosacea

Vascular rosacea

Inflammatory rosacea
Vitiligo Aka _________ a chronic skin condition that causes loss of pigment, resulting in irregular pale patches of skin. The precise etiology of the disease is complex and not fully understood. ___________ therapies to remove the w: leukoderma
Repigmentation
chemical depigmentation
⬢ Stratum corneum ⬢ Stratum lucidum ⬢ Stratum granulosum ⬢ Stratum spinosum or mucosum ⬢ Stratum germinativum (also called "stratum basale") Mneumonic: __________: "Before sex, get latex condoms" (from deep to superficial)
____________consists of small, harmless growths caused by a skin virus. They resemble pimples with a waxy, pinkish look and a small central pit. ;contagious and are spread by direct physical contact. most often in children. When found in adults the direc: Molluscum contagiosum
__________ -many different types -benign growth that consists of small blood vessels. These tumors can be located anywhere on the body. -cause is not known.: Angiomas
__________angiomas and are due to aging and do not have any known significance. ___________angiomas are more common in childhood and during pregnancy, and a few can appear on anyone. When present in large numbers, the may warn of ______damage.: Cherry
Spider
liver
Atrophic hyperpigmented macules on the shins, so-called _________, has been termed the most common cutaneous finding in diabetes It is usually noted as irregularly round or oval, circumscribed, shallow lesions vary in number from few to many, which: diabetic dermopathy

asymptomatic
Diabetic Foot Ulcers: __: at risk foot with no ulceration __: superficial ulceration with no infection __: deep ulceration exposing tendons and joints __: extensive ulceration or abscesses: 0
1
2
3
_________ is a rare fibromucinous connective tissue disorder of unknown cause characterized by thickened and nonpitting induration of the skin occurring primarily on the _______: Scleredema

upper back
___________: velvety, light-brown-to-black, markings usually on the neck, under the arms or in the groin most often associated with being _________: Acanthosis nigricans

overweight
Bacterial Endocarditis: Cutaneous manifestations _______ (on the upper trunk, conjunctivae, mucous membranes, and distal extremities), painful erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the tips of digits (_______) nontender hemorrhagic macules: petechiae

Osler's nodes

Janeway lesions

splinter hemorrhages
__________ is an illness that involves the skin, mouth, and lymph nodes, and typically affects children who are under the age of 5 causes inflammation in the walls of small and medium-size arteries throughout the body, including the coronary arterie: Kawasaki Disease
Phases of Kawasaki Disease: ___ phase - begins with a fever, which often is higher than 104 F (39 C), spikes and remits, and lasts one to two weeks ___ phase - Peeling of the skin on the hands and feet, often in large sheets J: 1st

2nd

3rd
____________ is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in children and young adults in the United States It is spread easily via respiratory secreations caused by the gram-negative diplococcus _________ The incidence of the d: Meningococcemia

Neisseria meningitidis
Meningococcemia S/S: ________ symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, myalgias, and headache Subsequent development of ________ in these patients is indicated by nuchal rigidity and altered mental status with stupor and obtundation _____: nonspecific

meningitis

petechial
Syphilis Stages: ______ - chancre or indurated ulcer, which may be insignificant, on the penis, vulva, lip or anus following 18-21 days after exposure ______ - florid symmetrical coppery erythematous macular exanthem that almost always involves: Primary

Secondary

Latent
_________ minor is a cutaneous eruption which may initially resemble urticaria. The lesions are red, raised, well demarcated plaques which will persist for several days to weeks. The plaques often develop a dusky center producing the classic `_______` le: Erythema multiforme

target

sulfa
When erythema multiforme is severe, extensive, and accompanied by mucosal inflammation and sloughing in a toxic appearing patient with a high fever, a diagnosis of __________ (erythema multiforme major) is made. pts should be treated in the _______: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

burn unit
________ may be considered an extreme form of Stevens- Johnson characterized by the acute onset of a diffuse erythroderma (usually within 48 hours of starting a drug) with the subsequent development of vesicles that coalesce to form large bullae The: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

sheets
A ________ drug reaction (seen with sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and psoralens) involves absorption of ultraviolet radiation and the release of energy causing damage to epidermal cells An exaggerated sunburn but almost any morphology can occur inclu: phototoxic
A _________ drug reaction (seen with griseofulvin, thiazides, and chlorpromazine) occurs when ultraviolet energy causes the drug hapten to bind to native protein on epidermal cells, thereby creating a complete antigen that sensitizes nearby lymphocytes.: photoallergic
Anaphylaxis Treatment - Administer __________ into a different extremity immediately (the _____ muscle is preferable): IM epinephrine

thigh
______ is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the upper layers of the skin broadly applied to a range of persistent or recurring skin rashes characterized by redness, skin edema, itching and dryness, with possible crusting, flaking, blistering,: Eczema

clinically
______ eczema (aka infantile e., flexural e., atopic dermatitis) is thought to be hereditary, and often runs in families whose members also have hay fever and asthma. Itchy rash is particularly noticeable on face and scalp, neck, inside of elbows,: Atopic
________ dermatitis is of two types: allergic (resulting from a delayed reaction to some allergen, such as poison ivy or nickel), and irritant (resulting from direct reaction to, say, a solvent). About three quarters of cases of contact eczema are: Contact

irritant
______ eczema (aka asteatotic e., e. craquele or craquelatum, winter itch, pruritus hiemalis) is dry skin that becomes so serious it turns into eczema. It worsens in dry winter weather, and limbs and trunk are most often affected. The itchy,: Xerotic
________ dermatitis (aka cradle cap in infants, dandruff) causes dry or greasy scaling of the scalp and eyebrows. Scaly pimples and red patches sometimes appear in various adjacent places. In newborns it causes a thick, yellow crusty scalp ra: Seborrheic

biotin
-common skin disease. -rash that can last from several weeks to several months. -spring and the fall, -adolescents and young adults. -distinctive pattern. In 3/4 of the cases, a single, isolated oval scaly patch (the "_______: Pityriasis Rosea

herald patch

ringworm
_________ is a common condition of the beard area occurring in up to 60% African American men and other people with curly hair. The problem results when highly curved hairs grow back into the skin causing inflammation and a foreign body reaction. Over ti: Pseudofolliculitis Barbae

Electrolysis
________ -flaking skin, or reddish patches. -usually oily,itchy on the face, may cause embarrassment. - not contagious. -Scales form on reddened skin. In adults affects the scalp, eyebrows, ear canals, sides of the nose, and: Seborrheic dermatitis

dandruff
Seborrheic dermatitis treatment - shampoos containing _______(Head and shoulders, ZNP bar), _______(Selsun blue and prescription strength Selsun) or __________(Nizoral AD and prescription strength Nizoral). Other shampoo ingredient: zinc pyrithione
selenium sulfide
ketoconazole

cortisone
__________ Your skin needs moisture to stay smooth and supple -difficult in winter. Simple daily routines actually remove moisture from the skin. -Modifying your bathing routine will help preserve moisture. Generally, _______-: Dry Skin (xerosis)
water
or clogging of their apocrine glands. It causes chronic scarring and pus formation of the underarms (axilla) and groin/inner thigh areas -Bacterial infection produces the pain and odor -worse under stress. - not by poor hygiene.: Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis Suppurativa --________antibiotics (minocycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, Augmentin, others) -________antibiotics (clindamycin or erythromycin). -Intralesional injections -. Anti-inflammatory pills -birth contro: oral
topical
_________-episodes lasting months to years. -shiny, flat-topped bumps that often have an angular shape. These bumps have a reddish-purplish color with a shiny cast due to a very fine scale. -anywhere on the skin, but often favors the inside o: Lichen planus
_______most commonly affects the inside of the cheeks, gums and tongue. -lasts longer than skin type -patches of fine white lines and dots. -painful sores and ulcers in the mouth. -biopsy -increased risk of oral cancer: Lichen planus of the mouth
Nail changes 10 percent of lichen planus cases -damage to the nail ______, or nail ______. - few fingernails or toenails -longitudinal riding and grooving, splitting, nail thinning and nail loss. In severe cases, the nail may be temporar: matrix
root
______are benign lesions that occur on the sun-exposed areas of the body. - backs of hands and face -increase with age - 0.2- 2 cm. -flat discrete borders, dark ,irregular - biopsy to rule out cancer. -treatment is not ne: Lentigines, or liver spots
-form of 'panniculitis' or inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue. -painful, especially if pressed upon. -looks like painful bruises on both shins. -bumps on knees, elbows, forearms and thighs. -feel ill, like "flu".: Erythema Nodosum
________ is an immune-mediated disease which affects the skin and joints. It commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin. (plaques) Plaques are areas of excessive skin cell production and inflammation. Skin rapidly accumulates at: Psoriasis
_______ psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris) is the most common form of psoriasis _______ psoriasis (inverse psoriasis) appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin ________ psoriasis is characterized by numerous small oval (teardrop-shaped: Plaque

Flexural

Guttate

Pustular
______ psoriasis produces a variety of changes in the appearance of finger and toe nails ________ arthritis involves joint and connective tissue inflammation _________ psoriasis involves the widespread inflammation and exfoliation o: Nail

Psoriatic

Erythrodermic
For psoriasis the therapeutic property of sunlight is due to the wavelengths classified as ___________ ________ and ultraviolet A phototherapy (PUVA) combines the oral or topical administration of psoralen with exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light<: ultraviolet (UV) light

Psoralen

skin cancer
SLE characteristic feature is a rash sparing the nasolabial folds - _________: malar rash
_____________ is connective-tissue disease that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin Up to 50% of the cases may be a paraneoplastic phenomenon, indicating the presence of _______ The _______ rash consists of a violaceous: Dermatomyositis

cancer

heliotrope
__________ is a condition that causes some areas of your body â€” such as your fingers, toes, tip of your nose and your ears â€” to feel numb and cool in response to cold temperatures or stress. It's a disorder of the blood vessels that supply blood to y: Raynaud's disease

nuisance
__________ - a rare, progressive disease that leads to hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues starts with a few _______ of skin on the hands or face that begin getting thicker and harder: Scleroderma

dry patches
Sarcoidosis is a multi system disorder characterized in affected organs by a type of inflammation called ________ presents without symptoms but with an abnormal _________ disease usually regresses spontaneously within _____ of initial presentat: granulomas

chest radiograph

two years
ITP, also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is classified as an autoimmune disease - _________ are the target children with ITP have a very low platelet count - causes sudden bleeding The usual symptoms are ________ and the tiny red dot: platelets

bruises

Nosebleeds

menstrual
_______ disease (erythema infectiosum)-- a common childhood infection causing a _______ appearance and a rash caused by ___________ It most commonly affects young children and often occurs in several members of the family or school class: Fifth

slapped cheek

Parvovirus B19
â€“ where individuals persistantly pull out hairs resulting is an exam revealing short broken hairs in patches . This may be a manifestation of OCD. Treatment is behavioral therapy: Trichotillomania
________, an autoimmune disease, presents as an anagen effluvium. Autoimmune inflammation around the hair follicle aborts hair growth. Changes in chemical or physical structure of the hair shafts result in hair shaft abnormalities (trichodystrophie: Alopecia areata
Treatment: Alopecia Areata For mild to moderate patchy disease, topical ________are the preferred treatment. For more extensive or recalcitrant disease, _________ suspension (Kenalog) topical ________(Rogaine), anthralin (Dritho-Scalp, M: corticosteroids
triamcinolone acetonide
minoxidil
_________is an inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds characterized by erythema, edema, and pain. Purulent drainage with compression behind the cuticle may also occur. -Trauma is often the initial event with secondary infection w: acute paronychia
anti-staphy
__________ - longitudinal striations or ridging of the nails. - simply reflect advanced age -usually persistent: Oncychorrhexis
________ is a superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by erythematous, follicular-based papules and pustules ________ are deeper infections of the hair follicle characterized by inflammatory __________ are larger: Folliculitis

Furuncles

Carbuncles
Topical treatment with ________ 1% or ________ 2%, with an antibacterial wash or soap, is adequate for most patients with folliculitis Systemic _________ antibiotics are usually necessary for furuncles and carbuncles, especially when celluliti: clindamycin or erythromycin

antistaphylococcal

incision and drainage
Erysipelas is a superficial _________ infection of the skin. ______ is a deeper process that extends to the subcutis _______ & _______ are the most common pathogens oral ________ antibiotic is the treatment of choice for cellulitis;: streptococcal

Cellulitis

S aureus and S pyogenes

antistaphylococcal
_______ is a collection of pus and infected material in or on the skin Major complications are spreading of the abscess material to adjacent or remote tissues and extensive regional tissue death (______) ________ & _______ of the abscess is: skin abscess

gangrene

Incision and drainage

S aureus
_________ is a rare infection of the subcutaneous tissues and fascia that eventually leads to necrosis _______ may be the sole pathogen responsible but most patients have a mixed infection he most common site for infection is the ____, followe: Necrotizing fasciitis

S pyogenes

legs

crepitus
Normal Hair cycling Scalp hair grows in an asynchronous pattern, with approximately 80% of hair follicles in an active growing phase (_______) and 10% to 20% in an involuting(__________) and resting phase(__________) Telogen hair fibers shed i: anagen
telogen
catagen

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Deck Info

Number of cards 79