USMLE 1 Pharm Buzzwords
Terms
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- which muscarinic receptor uses a decrease in adenyl cyclase as its second messenger?
- M2
- What drug is used to differentiate a cholinergic crisis from myasthenia gravis?
- Edrophonium
- What drug causes gradual loss of choline from the presynaptic nerve terminal by blocking its reuptake?
- Hemicholium
- what is the only site in the body that used M1 receptors?
- stomach
- what drug is an M1 specific antispasmodic?
- Pirenzepine
- what is the most potent NMJ blocker and also has no CV side effects?
- Doxacurium
- what antimuscarinic is used as an inhalant for asthma?
- Ipratropium
-
what is the antidote for organophosphate ingestion?
(2) -
- Atropine
- 2-PAM (pralidoxime) - DOC for atropine or TCA overdose?
- Physostigmine
- rate limiting step for NE synthesis
- Tyrosine hydroxylase
- what 2 enzymes are blocked by Disulfiram?
-
- Aldehyde DH
- Dopamine beta-hydroyxlase - What is the MOA-B inhibitor?
- Selegiline
- what 2 drug inhibit the release of NE from storage granules?
-
- Guanethidine
- Bretylium - What drug blocks intragranular uptake of NE?
- Reserpine
- What 2 drugs, when mixed, can lead to malignant hyperthermia?
-
- Succinylcholide
- Halothane - what a1-agonist is used to treat paroxysmal atrial tachy w/ hypotension?
- Metaraminol
- what a1-agonist, not inactivated by COMT, is used as a decongestant and also for tx of paroxysmal atrial tachy?
- Phenlepherine
- what b2-agonist is used in prophylactic tx of asthma?
- Salmeterol
- What (2) b2-agonists cause myometrial relaxation?
-
- Ritodrine
- Terbutaline (asthma) - hyperactive crisis can be caused by the addition of an MAO and what?
- Tyramine
- what drug class works to decrease TPR and preload w/ no change in heart rate or cardiac output?
- a1-Antagonisis
-
what mixed a1-antagonists are used for patients with pheochromocytoma?
(2) -
- Phentolamine
- Phenoxybenzamine - what a2-antagonist is used to tx impotence and postural hypotension?
- - Yohimbine
- what drug penetrates the BBB and is found in asthma preparations, used as a decongestant and used for urinary incontinence?
- Ephedrine
- what (2) b2-agonists are used to produce bronchodilation?
-
- Metaproterenol
- Albuterol - what b-blocker is also an a-blocker?
- Labetalol
- what are the (5) cardioselective b1-blockers?
-
A BEAM:
- Acebutolol
- Betaxolol
- Esmolol
- Atenolol
- Metoprolol - what b-blocker is also a membrane stabilizer?
- Propranolol
- In what (3) areas of the body are sympathetics the predominant tone?
-
- Sweat glands
- Arterioles
- Veins - what 3 b-blockers are used to treat glaucoma?
-
- Timolol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol - what two b-blockers decrease serum lipids?
-
- Pindolol
- Acebutolol - what drug blocks dopa-decarboxylase in the periphery to decrease the conversion of L-dopa to dopimine peripherally?
- Carbidopa
- DOC for early Parkinson's?
- Selegiline
- What antiviral agent is used for the tx of drug-induced Parkinson's?
- Amantidine
- what D2 agonist is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
- Bromocriptine
- what cofactor of dopa-decarboxylase decreases the efficacy of L-dopa?
- Vitamin B6
- what antieptileptic agent has SIADH as a side-effect?
- Carbamazepine
- what is the DOC for trigeminal neuralgia?
- Carbamazepine
-
first sign of overdose from phenobarbitals?
(2) -
- Nystagmus
- Ataxia - what drug, used for partial seziures, inhibits the release of glutamate and causes rashes in 45% of patients?
- Lamotrigine
- what benzodiazepine is used to treat absent mal seziures?
- Clonazepam
- what are the two drugs of choice for simple partial seziures?
-
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin - what is the only neuroleptic agent that does not cause hyperprolactinemia?
- Clozapine
- what is the DOC for status epilepticus?
- Diazepam
- what two neuroleptic agents are associated w/ Tardive Dyskinesia?
-
- Haldol
- Fluphenazine - what neuroleptic agent causes retinal deposits, hypotension and torsades de pointes?
- Thioridazine
- what is the only neuroleptic that does not cause an increase in weight or appetite?
- Molindone
- what TCA causes sudden cardiac death in children?
- Desipramine
- what TCA is used to tx enuresis?
- Imipramine
- what class of anti-depressants are associated w/ insomnia?
- SSRI
- which is the only MAOI that does not cause a hypertensive crisis?
- Selegiline
- what occurs if you mix an MAOI and a sympathomimetic?
- severe HTN, which can lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage
- what TCA is also a heavy sedative?
- Amitriptyline
- what neuroleptic agent is also considered to be an antihistamine?
- Risperidone
- what TCA is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and is said to cause aggressive behavior?
- Clomipramine
- what antipsychotic causes agranulocytosis and has no tardive dyskinesia as a side-effect?
- Clozapine
- drug that decreases mood swings and is used for the manic phase of bipolar?
- Lithium
-
benzo used for:
anxiety/panic attacks - Alprazolam
-
benzo used for:
absent seziures/anticonvulsant - Clonazepam
-
benzo used for:
alcohol withdrawal - Chlorazepate
-
benzo used for:
status epilepticus as a pre-op medication - Diazepam
-
benzo used for:
pre-op medication - Lorazepam
-
what benzos are activated outside the liver?
(3) -
Outside The Liver:
- Oxazepam
- Temazepam
- Lorazepam - what benzo antagonist is used for benzo overdose?
- Flumazenil
-
what benzos are Short acting?
(3) -
short acting=TOM thumb:
- Triazolam
- Oxazepam
- Midazolam -
side effects of Lithium
(4) -
Lithium=LMNOP:
- Movement (tremor)
- Nephro diabetes insipidus
- hypOthyroidism
- Pregnancy problems - (3) signs of TCA toxicity
-
Tri-C:
- Convulsions
- Coma
- Cardiotoxicity - pinpoint pupils, decreased respiratory rate, coma
- morphine overdose
- heterocyclic antidepressant used also for smoking cessation
- Bupropion
- antidepressant that inhibits DA, NE and 5HT reuptake
- Venlafaxine
- what property is important for potency of general anesthetics?
-
Increased solubility in lipids
(1/MAC) - Barbiturate used for induction of anesthesia
- Thiopental
- IV anesthetic that causes increased blood flow, hallucinations and bad dreams
- Ketamine
- which local anesthetics are the amides?
- the ones with two "I's" in the name (ex: lIdocaIne)
- what NT is at the mu receptor?
- b-Endorphin
- what is the NT at the delta receptor?
- Enkephalin
- what is the NT at the kappa receptor?
- Dynorphin
- which type of receptor antagonist is the most efficacious?
- Competitive Antagonist
- how are most water-soluble drugs eliminated?
- kidney
- what body fluid breaks down esters?
- blood
- what type of antagonist takes out a drug by binding to it?
- Chemical Antagonist
- what type of antagonist directly reverses the action of a drug by working on a different receptor?
- Physiologic Antagonist
- what is the equation for a drug's theraputic index?
- leathal dose divided by effective dose
- what are the drugs in the triple tx of H. pylori?
-
- Pepto-bismol
- Amoxicillin (or Erythro)
- Metronidazole - what is the common IV opioid used in surgery?
- Fentanyl
- what IV agent has the lowest incidence of postoperative emesis and the fastest rate of recovery?
- Propofol
- what is the side-effect of activating a mu receptor?
- respiratory depression
- which drug causes dissociative anesthesia and is used mainly in pediatric surgery?
- Ketamine
- which short-acting benzo is used for conscious sedation?
- Midazolam
- what is the only local anesthetic that does not cause vasodilation?
- cocaine
- what two classes of drugs can cause schizoid behaviors?
-
- Glucocorticoids
- Amphetamines -
Drug effect:
myoclonus, hyperthermia, rigidity - Serotonin crisis
- what drug used to treat alcoholism has a long half-life and is given orally?
- Naltrexone
- where do local anesthetics bind?
- inactive Na+ channels
- what are the three b-lactam inhibitors?
-
- Clavulanic acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam - sulfonamide used to treat ulcerative colitis or chrone's disease?
- Sulfasalazine
- DOC for PCP?
- TMP-SMX
- which antiviral is teratogenic?
- Amantadine
- which tetracycline is used when there is a decrease in renal function?
- Doxycycline
- what is the DOC for Pseudomonas infections?
-
Ceftazidime
(& cephtriaxone) - what aminoglycoside causes disruption of CN-1?
- Streptomycin
-
DOC for Proteus mirabilis, E.coli & Klebsiella
(2) -
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
(first generation cephalosporins) - DOC for gonorrhea
- Ceftriaxone
- DOC for Enterobacter
- Imipenem/cilastatin
- DOC for Clostridium difficle
- Vancomycin
- what aminoglycoside is used before surgery to sterilize the bowel?
- Neomycin
- bacteriostatic drug that causes a discoloration of teeth
- Tetracycline
- DOC for Legionella, Mycoplasma & Campylobacter infections?
- Erythromycin
- DOC for tularemia and the plague?
- Streptomycin
- DOC for asymptomatic meningitis?
- Rifampin
- Which antihelmintic increases membrane permeability to Ca++ and is the DOC for schistosomiasis?
- Praziquantel
- which inhibitor of microtubule synthesis is the DOC for whipworms & pinworms?
- Mebendazole
- DOC for filariasis
- Diethylcarbamazine
- what DOC for ascaris causes neuromuscular blockade of the worm?
- Pyrantel pamoate
- DOC for influenza & rubella?
- Amantidine
- DOC for RSV?
- Ribavirin
- DOC for HPV
- a-Interferon
- what D2 receptor blocker is used as an antiemetic?
- Chlorpromazine
- what PGE analog is used in tx of ulcers caused by excessive NSAIDs?
- Misoprostol
- what drug is an irreversible inhibitor of the Na/K pump?
- Omeprazole
- HIV protease inhibitors
-
"Never (NAVIR) TEASE a Pro"
"-navir" drugs
(ex: Ritonavir) - DOC for Chagas' disease
- Nifurtimox
-
endings:
-afil - erectile dysfunction
-
endings:
-ane - inhalation general anesthetics
-
endings:
-azepam - benzodiazapines
-
endings:
-azine -
(Phenothiazine)
neuroleptic;
antiemetic -
endings:
-azole/-conazole - antifungal
-
endings:
-barbital - barbiturate
-
endings:
-caine - local anesthetic
-
endings:
-cycline - Protein synthesis inhibitor Ab
-
endings:
-ipramine - TCA
-
endings:
-navir - Protease inhibitor
-
endings:
-operidol - neuroleptics
-
endings:
-oxin - cardiac glycoside
-
endings:
-terol - b2 agonist
- what blood disorder is a side effect of metformin?
- Megaloblastic anemia
-
antineoplastic inhibits in:
M-phase
(2) -
- Vincristine/Vinblastine
- Taxols -
antineoplastic inhibits in:
G1 phase
(2) -
- L-asparaginase
- mitomycin -
antineoplastic inhibits in:
G2 phase - - Bleomycin
-
antineoplastic inhibits:
b/t G1 & S phase - Hydroxyurea
-
antineoplastic inhibits:
b/t S & G2 phase - Etoposide
-
antineoplastic inhibits in:
S phase
(the rest) -
top 4:
- Methotrexate
- 5-FU
- 6-MP
- Cytarabine - most common pain killer during pregnancy
- Meperidine
- what morphine derivative is used in patients w/ renal failure?
- Hydromorphone
- which group of anti-HTN agents decrease left ventricular hypertrophy the best?
- Thiazides
- what drug affects the extrinsic pathway and increases PT?
-
the EX-PaTriot went to WAR:
WARfarin - anticoagulant that decreases thrombin and can be used during pregnancy
- Heparin
-
site of action:
- Osmotic diuretic
- Loop (specific)
- K-sparing
- Thiazide
- Carbonic anhydrase inh -
-O: entire tube except thick ascending limb
-L: Ascending limb
-K: early CT
-T: early DT
-CAI: PCT - what is the only diuretic working on the blood side of the nephron?
- Spirolactone
- what is the DOC for HTN patient w/ decreased renal function?
- a-Methyldopa
- DOC in tx for the late phase of asthma?
- corticosteroids
- which anti-thrombotic agent causes a decreased level of circulating fibrinogen?
- Steptokinase
- which diuretic retains Cl- and is used for acute mountain sickness?
- Acetazolamide
- which diuretic causes irreversibile ototoxicity and GI bleeds?
- Ethacrynic Acid
- DOC for HTN w/ increased heart rate?
- b-Blockers
- DOC for HTN w/ elevated force of contractions?
- b-Blockers
- DOC for HTN w/ increase in fluid volume?
- ACE inhibitor
-
DOC for HTN w/ increase in TPR?
(2) -
- a-Antagonist
- Calcium channel blockers - DOC for woman in 3rd trimester w/ premature uterine contractions
- Terbutaline
- Effect of aspirin on the kidney?
- Renal Papillary necrosis
- what reverses the myelosuppression of methotrexate?
- Leucovorin
- where does botulin poison act?
- at the presynaptic terminal of the ACh to inhibit release
- what aluminum hydroxide adheres to a GI ulcer crater to stimulate a mucous barrier?
- Sucralfate
- what occurs when you mix a statin w/ a nicin?
- rhabdomyolysis
- binds to ergosterol in a fungal cell
- Amphotericin B
- MOA of griseofulvin
- inhibits microtubule function
- DOC for decreasing synthesis of thyroid hormones in Graves
- PTU
- prolongs QRS on ECG
- Quinidine
- anti-epileptic drug that causes vitamin D deficiency
- Phenytoin
- what is the first drug you should give an alcoholic in the ER?
-
IV Thiamine...
to prevent Werenicke's - MCC of thrombocytopenia in hospital
- Heparin
- what is given to cancer patient after therapy to prevent gout?
- Allopurinol
- DOC for patient w/ HTN, HyperN and HypoK
- Losartan
- DOC for pulmonary edema
-
Loop diuretic
(decreases preload) - DOC for urinary retention in patient w/ BPH
-
Prazosin
(a1-blocker) - what should be given to mother to improve baby's health if mother is in premature labor and must deliver the baby?
-
Glucocorticoids
(for surfactant) - DOC to eliminate calcium in pt w/ hypercalcemia
- Loop diuretic
- DOC to remove calcium from urine in pt w/ stone formation
- Thiazide
- toxicity that causes respiratory alkalosis then metabolic acidosis
- Aspirin
- DOC for ALL
- Methotrexate
- what antimetabolite/Ab combo is used to tx AML?
-
- Cytarabine
- Daunomycin - where does ACE inh work in nephron?
- blocks AT-II as vasoconstrictor of Efferent arteriole
- cardiovascular drug that produces a giant U-wave and flat T-wave?
- Quinidine
- CV drug that prolongs PR interval and causes ST depression
- Digitalis
- what two anti-HTN classes should not be taken by someone who has increased lipids?
-
- b-Blockers
- Thiazides - DOC for BPH
- Finasteride
- DOC for prostate CA
- - Leuprolide
- what drug used to treat RA has the side-effect of retinal degeneration?
- Hydroxychloroquine
- what treatment against dissecting aortic aneurysms is metabolized to cyanide?
- Nitroprusside
- DOC to treat muscle spasms by blocking calcium release from SR in skeletal muscle
- Dantrolene
- drug class that causes retrograde amnesia
- Benzodiazepines
- complication of a corticosteroid inhaler
- oral thrush
- DOC to prevent endocarditis in pt w/ valvular disease
- Amoxicillin
- what causes hairloss in a healthy woman?
- side effect of oral contraceptives
- what part of the cinical drug trials is the double-blind study?
- Phase 3
- what anti-HTN drug works on a 7-membrane spanning protein?
- Propranolol
-
what does ACE inhibitor cause to increase in the serum?
(2) -
- Renin
- AT-1 - teatment for Arsenic poisoning?
- Dimercaprol
- DOC for hepatic stage of malaria
- Primaquine
- treatment of Delerium Tremens
- Benzodiazepines
- DOC for esophageal candidiasis in AIDs pt
- Fluconazole
- DOC for open-angle glaucoma
- - Timolol
- a child ingests 30 aspirin. What is he most likely to get?
- increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
- elderly woman on Thiazides is at most risk for developing what?
- Diabetes Mellitus
- what NSAID property does acetaminophen not have?
- anti-inflammatory
- DOC for single dose against gonorrhea and chlamydia?
- Azithromycin
- DOC for malignant HTN?
- Nitroprusside
- anti-HTN that lowers BP and decreases heart rate by decreasing the afterload
- Calcium channel blocker
- drug that is good to alkalinize the urine in aspirin toxicity
- Acetazolamide
- DOC for HTN for african americans & systolic HTN in eldery
- Thiazides
- DOC for HTN in chronic renal failure or to flush out the tubular cells obstructing the lumen in acute renal failure
- Loop diuretics
- diuretic that treats hirsuitism
- Spirolactone
- DOC to tx HTN in pt w/ urinary retention from prostatic hyperplasia?
- a-adrenergic blocker
- two positive effects of estrogen
-
- lowers LDL
- increases bone density - what affect does drug abuse w/ heroin have on the kidneys?
- Focal segmental glomeruloscerosis
-
endings:
-tidine - H2 antagonist
-
endings:
-azocin - a1-Antagonist
-
endings:
-prazole - proton pump inhibitors
-
endings:
-setron -
5HT-3 antagonist
(inhibit vomiting) -
patient w/ "irregular beat" gets anemic.
what drug? - Quinidine
-
diabetic w/ GI distress & heartburn after meal.
what will help her? - Prochlorperazine
- best drug to releive anxiety w/o sedation?
- Buspirone
- patient on chemo and has blood in urine. From what drug?
- Cyclophosphamide
-
pt gets treated for lung cancer and gets nephro and ototoxicity.
what drug? - Cisplatin
-
pt has testicular tumor and begins to get pulmonary toxicity.
what drug? - Bleomycin
-
pt treated for lymphoma & gets neurotoxicity.
what drug? - Vincristine
-
what antibiotic causes pseudomembranous cholitis due to clostridium difficile?
What Ab can treat this? -
Clindamycin
Tx: Metronidazole - used to treat PCP?
- TMP-SMX
- DOC for gonorrhea?
- Ceftriaxone
- MOA of vancomycin
- inhibits cell wall mucopeptide
- "Buy AT 30 CELL at 50"
-
30s:
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
50s:
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
cLindamycin
Lincomycin - AE of Trimethoprim
-
TMP : Treats Marrow Poorly
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Leukopenia
- Granulocytopenia - 3 common bug that you treat w/ Metronidazole
-
GET on the Metro:
- Giardia
- Entamoeba
- Tricomonas - 2 AE of Isonazid
- INH: Injures Neurons & Hepatocytes
- Anti-fungal that "Breaks" holes in the membrane
- Amphotericin "B"
- DOC for Aspirgillosis
- CASPofugin
- DOC as an oral treatment for Tinea or Ringworm
-
for Growing worms & Foot cheese:
GriseoFulvin - main AE with Protease inhibitors (Navirs) for HIV
- GI upset
- 3 drug classes used for angina
-
- nitrates
- beta-blockers
-calcium blockers - heart medication that causes yellow vision
- cardiac glycosides
- drug used for acute ventricular arrhythmias & digitalis-induced arrhythmias
- Lidocaine
- drug that is contraindicated in post MI, but is used for V-Tach that progresses to V-fib
- Flecainimide
- 4 K-channel blockers
-
BIAS to K-channels:
- Bretylium
- Ibutilide
- Amiodarone
- Sotalol - Amiodarone toxicity (3)
-
check PFT, LFT & TFT on Amiodarone:
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- hepatotoxicity
- hyper/hypothyroid -
what is the only class of heart drugs used to prevent nodal arrthymias?
what drug abolishes an existing nodal arrhthymia? -
calcium channel blockers
Adenosine - prostaglandin analog for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers
- Misoprostol
- muscarinic antagonist for peptic ulcers
-
Pirenzepine
(MUSCular PIRates get ulcers at sea) -
DOC for Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's
What else is used to treat Crohne's? -
SulfaSALAZINE
another: Infliximab - 4 Thrombolytics
-
Thrombotics Tear-Up All Stoppage:
- TPA
- Urokinase
- APSAC
- Streptokinase