physical diagnosis eye
Terms
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- medial rectus: action
- adduction
- medial rectus: cranial nerve
- III
- medial rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
- nasal
- lateral rectus: action
- abduction
- lateral rectus: cranial nerve
- VI
- lateral rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
- temporal
- inferior rectus: action
- depression; extorsion; adduction
- inferior rectus: cranial nerve
- III
- inferior rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
- down and temporal
- superior rectus: action
- elevation; intorsion; adduction
- superior rectus: cranial nerve
- III
- superior rectus: will not turn eye where if palsy
- up and temporal
- superior oblique: action
- intorsion; depression; abduction
- superior oblique: cranial nerve
- IV
- superior oblique: will not turn eye where if palsy
- down and nasal
- inferior oblique: action
- extorsion; elevation; abduction
- inferior oblique: cranial nerve
- III
- inferior oblique: will not turn eye where if palsy
- up and nasal
- history: acute conjunctivitis
- sudden onset; exposure to conjunctivitis
- history: acute iritis
- fairly sudden onset, often recurrent
- history: narrow angle glaucoma
- rapid onset; sometimes history of previous atttack; highest incidence in jews; swedes; and inuit
- history: corneal abrasion
- trauma; pain
- vision: acute conjunctivitis
- normal
- vision: acute iritis
- impaired if untreated
- vision: narrow angle glaucoma
- rapidly lost if untreated
- vision: corneal abrasion
- can be affected if central
- vision: Spanish
- la visión
- vision: French
- la vision
- vision: Arabic
- رÙؤْيَة
- vision: Chinese
- 视觉(shìjué)
- pain: acute conjunctivitis
- gritty feeling
- pain: acute iritis
- photophobia
- pain: narrow angle glaucoma
- severe
- pain: corneal abrasion
- exquisite
- pain: Spanish
- el dolor
- pain: French
- la douleur
- pain: Arabic
- تَوَجّÙع
- pain: Chinese
- 痛苦(tòngkǔ)
- bilaterality: acute conjunctivitis
- frequent
- bilaterality: acute iritis
- occasional
- bilaterality: narrow angle glaucoma
- occasional
- bilaterality: corneal abrasion
- usually unilateral
- vomiting: acute conjunctivitis
- absent
- vomiting: acute iritis
- absent
- vomiting: narrow angle glaucoma
- common
- vomiting: corneal abrasion
- absent
- cornea: acute conjunctivitis
- clear
- cornea: acute iritis
- variable
- cornea: narrow angle glaucoma
- steamy/cloudy
- cornea: corneal abrasion
- irregular light reflex
- pupil: acute conjunctivitis
- normal, reactive
- pupil: acute iritis
- sluggishly reactive; somteimes irregular in shape
- pupil: narrow angle glaucoma
- partially dilated; oval; nonreactive
- pupil: corneal abrasion
- normal; ractive
- pupil: Spanish
- la pupila
- pupil: French
- la pupille
- pupil: Arabic
- Øَبَّة
- pupil: Chinese
- çž³å”(tóngkÅng)
- iris: acute conjunctivitis
- normal
- iris: acute iritis
- normal
- iris: narrow angle glaucoma
- difficult to see; owing to corneal edema
- iris: corneal abrasion
- shadow of corneal defect may be projected on the iris with penlight
- ocular discharge: acute conjunctivitis
- mucopurulent or watery
- ocular discharge: acute iritis
- watery
- ocular discharge: narrow angle glaucoma
- watery
- ocular discharge: corneal abrasion
- watery or mucopurulent
- systemic effect: acute conjunctivitis
- none
- systemic effect: acute iritis
- few
- systemic effect: narrow angle glaucoma
- many
- systemic effect: corneal abrasion
- none
- prognosis: acute conjunctivitis
- self limited
- prognosis: acute iritis
- poor if untreated
- prognosis: narrow angle glaucoma
- poor if untreated
- prognosis: corneal abrasion
- good if not infected
- loss of vision: possible causes
- optic neuritis; detached retina; retinal hemorrhage; central retinal vascular occlusion; cns disease
- spots: possible causes
- no path significance; maybe retinal detachment or fertility drugs
- flashes: possible causes
- migraine; retinal detachment; posterior vitreous detachment
- loss of visula field or presence of shadows or curtains: possible causes
- retinal detachment or hemorrhage
- glare, photophobia: possible causes
- iritis; meningitis
- distortion of vision: possible causes
- retinal detachment; macular edema
- difficulty seeing in dim light: possible causes
- myopia; vitamin a deficiency; retinal degeneration
- colored halos around lights: possible causes
- acute narrow angle glaucoma; opacities in lens or cornea
- colored vision vhanges: possible causes
- cataracts; drugs (digitalis increases yellow vision)
- double vision: possible causes
- extraocular muscle paresis or paralysis
- double vision: Spanish
- la visión doble
- double vision: French
- la vision double
- double vision: Arabic
- رÙؤْيَة Ù…ÙزْدَوÙجة
- foreign body sensation in eye: possible causes
- foreign body, corneal abrasion
- burning in eye: possible causes
- uncorrected refractive error; conjunctivitis; sjogren's syndrome
- throbbing, aching in eye: possible causes
- acute iritis; sinusitis
- tenderness in eye: possible causes
- eyelid inflammation; conjunctivitis; iritis
- headache: possible causes
- refractive errors; migraine; sinusitis
- headache: Spanish
- el dolor de cabeza
- headache: French
- le mal de tête
- headache: Arabic
- صÙدَاع
- headache: Chinese
- 头痛(tóutòng)
- drawing sensation: possible causes
- uncorrected refractive errors
- itching: possible causes
- dry eyes; eye fatigue; allergies
- itching: Spanish
- el picazón
- itching: French
- la démangeaison
- itching: Arabic
- Ø£Ùكَال
- itching: Chinese
- å‘ç—’(fÄyÇŽng)
- tearing: possible causes
- emotional states; hypersecretion of tears; blockage of drainage
- drynes: possible causes
- sjogren's syndrome; decreased secretion from aging
- sandiness, grittiness: possible causes
- conjunctivitis
- fullness of eyes: possible causes
- proptosis; agning changes in lids
- twitching: possible causes
- fibrillation of orbicularis oculi
- eyelid heavingeess: possible causes
- fatigue; eyelid edema
- diszziness: possible causes
- refractive error; cerebellar disease; vestibular disease
- excessive blinking: possible causes
- local irritation; facial tic
- eyelids sticking together: possible causes
- inflammatory diesease of eyelids or conjunctivae
- adie's tonic pupil: laterality
- often unilateral
- adie's tonic pupil: reaction to light
- minimally reactive
- adie's tonic pupil: accommodation
- sluggishly reactive
- adie's tonic pupil: pupillary size
- mydriatic
- adie's tonic pupil: reflexes
- absent or diminished tendon reflexes
- argyll robertson pupil: laterality
- bilateral
- argyll robertson pupil: reaction to light
- nonreactice
- argyll robertson pupil: accommodation
- reactive
- argyll robertson pupil: pupillary size
- miotic
- argyll robertson pupil: reflexes
- absent knee-jerk reflexes
- horner's syndrome: laterality
- unilateral
- horner's syndrome: reaction to light
- reactive
- horner's syndrome: accommodation
- reactive
- horner's syndrome: pupillary size
- miotic
- ddx of whitish lesions of the fundus: x4
- cotton wool spots; fatty exudates; drusen; chorioretinitis
- cause: cotton wool spots
- hypertension; diabetic retinopathy; AIDS; lupus; dermatomyositis; papilledema
- cause: fatty exudates (of fundus)
- diabetes; retinal venous occlusion; hypertensive retinopathy
- cause: drusen
- normal with aging; age related macular degeneration
- cause: chorioretinitis
- toxoplasmosis; sarcoidosis; cytomegalovirus
- border: cotton wool spots
- fuzzy
- border: fatty exudates (of fundus)
- well defined
- border: drusen
- well defined; nonpigmented
- border: chorioretinitis
- large with ragged edge; heavily pigmented
- shape: cotton wool spots
- irregular
- shape: fatty exudates (of fundus)
- small irregular
- shape: drusen
- round, well circumscribed
- shape: chorioretinitis
- very variable
- paterns: cotton wool spots
- variable
- paterns: fatty exudates (of fundus)
- often clustered in circles or stars
- paterns: drusen
- variable; symmetrical in both eyes
- paterns: chorioretinitis
- variable
- histopathology: cotton wool spots
- ischemic infarct of the nerve fiber layer of retina; obscures retinal blood vessels
- histopathology: fatty exudates (of fundus)
- in deep retinal layer
- histopathology: drusen
- deep to retinal blood vessels (as opposed to fatty exudate)
- histopathology: chorioretinitis
- acute with white exudate; healed lesion with pigmented scar (toxoplasmosis)
- glaucoma: Spanish
- el glaucoma
- glaucoma: French
- le glaucome
- glaucoma: Chinese
- é’光眼(qÄ«ngguÄngyÇŽn)
- % of all glaucoma: primary open angle glaucoma
- 85% of all glaucoma
- % of all glaucoma: narrow angle glaucoma
- 15% of glaucoma
- cause: primary open angle glaucoma
- uncleare
- cause: narrow angle glaucoma
- closed angle prevents aqueous drainage
- age at onset: primary open angle glaucoma
- variable
- age at onset: narrow angle glaucoma
- 50-85 yrs
- anterior chamber: primary open angle glaucoma
- usually normal
- anterior chamber: narrow angle glaucoma
- shallow
- chamber angle: primary open angle glaucoma
- normal
- chamber angle: narrow angle glaucoma
- narrow
- sx: primary open angle glaucoma
- usually none, decreased vision late
- sx: narrow angle glaucoma
- headache; halos around lights; sudden onset of severe eye pain; vomiting during attack
- cupping of disc: primary open angle glaucoma
- progressive if not treated
- cupping of disc: narrow angle glaucoma
- after untreated attack
- visual fields: primary open angle glaucoma
- peripheral fields involved early; central involvement very late
- visual fields: narrow angle glaucoma
- involvement is a late sign
- ocular pressure: primary open angle glaucoma
- progressively higher if not medically controlled
- ocular pressure: narrow angle glaucoma
- early: detected with provocative tests only
- pupil, conjunctiva; and corea: narrow angle glaucoma
- fixed partially dilated pupil; conjunctival injection; steamy cornea
- tx: primary open angle glaucoma
- medical; laser surgery
- tx: narrow angle glaucoma
- surgical
- prognoosis: primary open angle glaucoma
- good if recognized early; dependent on patient compliance
- prognoosis: narrow angle glaucoma
- good
- blurred disc margins ddx: full ddx
- papilledema; papillitis; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: with normal visual acuity
- papilledema; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers
- blurred disc margins ddx: with decreased visual acuity
- papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: with absent venous pulsations
- papilledema; central retinal vein occlusion; papillitis (variable)
- blurred disc margins ddx: with present venous pulsations
- drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; papillitis (variable)
- blurred disc margins ddx: with headache
- papilledema
- blurred disc margins ddx: with eye movement pain
- papillitis
- blurred disc margins ddx: with no pain
- drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: with normal light reaction
- papilledema; drusen; myelinated nerve fibers; central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: marcuss gunn light reaction
- papillitis
- blurred disc margins ddx: with hemorrhage
- papilledema; papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: with no hemorrhage
- drusen; myelinated nerve fibers
- blurred disc margins ddx: with enlarged blind spot
- papilledema; drusen
- blurred disc margins ddx: with central scotoma
- papillitis
- blurred disc margins ddx: with scotoma corresponding to areas of lesion
- myelinated nerve fibers
- blurred disc margins ddx: variable visual field sx
- central retinal vein occlusion
- blurred disc margins ddx: bilateral
- papilledema; drusen;
- blurred disc margins ddx: unilateral
- papillitis; myelinated nerve fibers (usually); central retinal vein occlusion
- diabetes: primary retinal findings
- microaneurysms; neovascularization; retinitis proliferans
- diabetes: distribution of retinal findings
- posterior pole
- diabetes: secondary retinal findings
- hard exudates; deep hemorrhages; retinal venous occlusions; vitreous hemorrhages
- diabetes: Spanish
- la diabetes
- diabetes: French
- le diabète
- diabetes: Chinese
- 糖尿病(tángnià obìng)
- hypertension: primary retinal findings
- arteriolar narrowing; copper wiring; flame hemorrhages; arteriovenous nicking
- hypertension: distribution of retinal findings
- throughout retina
- hypertension: secondary retinal findings
- hard and soft exudates; retinal venous occlusions; macular stars
- hypertension: Spanish
- la hipertensión
- hypertension: French
- l'hypertension
- hypertension: Arabic
- Ùَرْط٠ضَغْط٠الدَّم
- hypertension: Chinese
- 高血压(gÄoxuèyÄ)
- papilledema: primary retinal findings
- hyperemia of the disc; venous engorgement; retinal hemorrhages; disc elevation; loss of spntaneous venous pulsations; cotton wool spots
- papilledema: distribution of retinal findings
- on or near disc
- papilledema: secondary retinal findings
- hard exudates; optic atrophy (late)
- retinal venous occlusion: primary retinal findings
- hemorrhages; neovascularization
- retinal venous occlusion: distribution of retinal findings
- confined to area drained by affected vein
- retinal venous occlusion: secondary retinal findings
- exudates
- retinal artery occlusion: primary retinal findings
- pallor of retina; decreased width of artery; embolus possibly visible
- retinal artery occlusion: distribution of retinal findings
- confined to area supplied
- retinal artery occlusion: secondary retinal findings
- optic atrophy, late
- anrteriolar sclerosis: primary retinal findings
- widening of light reflex; copper wiring; arteriovenous nicking
- anrteriolar sclerosis: distribution of retinal findings
- throughout retina
- anrteriolar sclerosis: secondary retinal findings
- decrease in retinal pigment
- blood dyscrasias: primary retinal findings
- diffuse hemorrhages; venous dilation; roth's spots (hemorrhagic lesions with white centers)
- sickle cell disease: primary retinal findings
- sharp cutoff of arterioles; arteriovenous anastomoses; neovascularization in "sea fan: formations
- sickle cell disease: distribution of retinal findings
- peripheral retina
- sickle cell disease: secondary retinal findings
- vitreous hemorrhages; retinal detachments
- macular lesion: whitish exudate that radiates around macula
- macular degeneration
- macular lesion: broken ring shaped whitish exudate around macula
- macular star
- macular lesion: etiologies
- circinate retinopathy
- macular star: etiologies
- hypertension; papilledema; papillitis; central retinal vein occlusion
- circinate retinopathy: etiologies
- diabetes; central retinal vein occlusion
- right superior oblique palsy: head tilt
- down to the left
- left superior oblique palsy: head tilt
- down to the right
- right inferior oblique palsy: head tilt
- up to the left
- left inferior oblique palsy: head tilt
- up to the right