Chapter 5 and 6 2
Terms
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- Outer rings of xylem that still transport xylem sap
- Sapwood
- Fibrous, durable wood, often from dicot trees such as hickory, maple, and oak
- Hardwood
- Of lumber, refers to the sizes of the cells in the xylem and phloem and to the sizes of growth rings: maybe coarse, fine, or uneven
- Texture
- Secondary growth, or tissue that produces new dermal tissue; Also known as phellogen.
- Cork Cambium
- A secondary meristem that produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
- Vascular Cambium
- A small opening in the thin cork layer of outer bark of stems and roots that allows gas exchange
- Lenticel
- The science of tree-ring dating and climate interpretation
- Dendrochronology
- Produced by trimming a tangential cut of lumber.
- Plain-Sawed Board
- Removal of the entire bark in a complete ring around the tree. disrupts phloem transport and kills the tree
- Girdling
- Consists of dead tissue including dead secondary phloem and all the layers of periderm outside of the most recent cork cambium
- Outer Bark
- The direction of a lumber cut that passes longitudinally through the center of the stem
- Radial Cut
- The ratio of a wood's weight to the weight of an equal volume of water at room temperature
- Specific Gravity
- Of lumber, the overall alignment of the conducting cells of xylem; can be straight grained, cross grained, spiral grained, or interlocking grained
- Grain
- A thin lumber section, produced by an angled continuous tangential cut
- Veneer
- A thin layer of living parenchyma cells that forms to the inside of each cork cambium layer
- Phelloderm
- Direction of a lumber cut that is longitudinal but crosses the radius at a right angle instead of passing through the center of the stem
- Tangential Cut
- Tissue consisting of living secondary phloem, dead phloem between the vascular cambium and the currently active, innermost cork cambium, and any remaining cortex
- Inner Bark
- Tissue that forms to the outside of the cork cambium and consists of dead cells when mature
- Cork
- An initial that arises within vascular bundles and produces new xylem and phloem cells
- Fusiform Initial
- All tissues outside the vascular cambium; the part of a stem or root surrounding the wood
- Bark
- The amount of matter per a unit of volume, realted to a wood's hardness
- Density
- Waterproof, fatty substance that coats and impregnates cork cell walls
- Suberin
- Produced by trimming a radial cut of lumber
- Quarter-Sawed Board
- The extent to which wood is resistant to breakdown and decay by fungi, bacteria, and insects
- Durability
- The percent of water by weight in wood
- Water Content
- Tension or compression wood that develops trunks or branches that are leaning
- Reaction Wood
- Secondary xylem
- Wood
- Wood with few fibers and no vessels, typically conifers
- Softwood
- A direction of cutting lumber to give a circular cross section
- Transverse Cut
- Older, nonconducting rings of xylem at the center of a tree's trunk or roots
- Heartwood
- An initial that arises between vascular bundles; often cube shaped
- Ray Initial
- The section of a gene that interrupts or seperates coding regions
- Intron
- A group of petals on a flower
- Corolla
- Also called a grain; a single dry, indehiscent, achene-like fruit with a hard pericarp joined firmly to the seet coat
- Caryopsis
- An irregular flower, typically bisymmetrical
- Zygomorphic
- The first two stages of gamete cell division; results in cells with half the number of chromosones in the orginal cell
- Meiosis 1
- A dry, dehiscent fruit produced in the mustard family; consists of two carpels that split into two halves, with the seeds found on a central partition between the halves
- Silique