fabrics - chapters 28, 29, 30
Terms
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- Cotton dominates the towel and towelings amrket. What features account for this usage?
- soft hand, high absorbancy, fast drying, and wickability
- Terry toweling, which is also known as Turkish toweling, is manufactured by which one of the following techniques?
- slack tension technique
- Terry velour toweling has terry loops on one side. What distinguishes the other side?
- sheared loops, high pile density, relatively low absorption
- Looms are available for doing multiwidth weaving of toweling. What features identifies the advantages of this technique?
- efficient and economical
- Evaluations of the ability of toweling to absorb water may be measured in accordance to the procedures outlined in ASTM D 4772. What is the procedure?
- The toweling is held taut at an angle of 60 degrees; 50 milliliters of water are allowed to flow onto the surface; the difference between the oroginal 50 milliliters of water and the number of milliliters of water in the runoff pan give the quantity of water absorbed.
- Bath rugs and bath mats are subjected to the provision of 16 CFR 1631 Standard for the Surface Flammability of Small Carpets and Rugs. What is correct with respect to this standard?
- Products that fail to conform with the acceptance criteria may be marketed but must carry a cautionary label
- bleeding
- Colorfastness problem encountered when water or cleaning agents causse dyestuffs to flow into the laundry solutionor onto other parts of an item.
- bow
- Distorted yarn alignment in woven fabric; filling yarns curve below straight crosswise grain.
- char length
- The distance of fabric damage produced by flame in standard flammability test methods.
- crash
- A plain-woven fabric composed of coarse, irregular yarns spun from linen; used in distowels for the lint-free drying of glassware.
- crocking
- Transfer of dyestuff as a result of rubbing.
- dimensional stability
- Ability of a textile to maintain size and shape after wear and care, especially after laundering.
- Fade-Ometer
- Apparatus used ine valuations of colorfastness to light.
- gauge
- Indicates the thickness of polymer film sheeting
- huckaback
- Toweling woven on a dobby loom; has small filling for increased absorption
- Launder-Ometer
- Apparatus used in evaluations of washfastness.
- shade change
- Fading of the original color characteristics
- skewness
- Distorted yarn alignment in woven fabric; filling yarns slant below straight corsswise grain.
- slack tension technique
- Fabrication in which weaving tension differes for base yarns and pile yarns; lower tension is used with the pile yarns
- staining
- Result of bleeding
- wickability
- Ability to move moisture along the fiber surface by capillary action
- Staple spun yarns are used much more extensively than filament yarns in bedding products. Which features account for this usage?
- spun yarns have softer hand and more pleasant visual features
- Which one of the following is a generic term used for any fabric used to cover the exterior of mattresses?
- ticking
- Which category of bedding products is subject to a federal flammability standard?
- mattresses and mattress pads
- If the content of a filling is 80% down, with the remaining 20% a mixture of feathers and residue, what must be used on the label?
- down
-
Which choices have nonallergenic fibers and features that would contribute most effectively and economically to thermal insulation?
a. hollow fibers, fiberfill that is bulky without undue weight
b. down, fill that is bulky without under weight< - a. hollow fibers, fiberfill that is bulky without undue weight
- In today's sheetings market, the fiber composition of a "reverse blend" is
- 35 percent polyester and 65 percent cotton
- Noncellulosic fibers have now captured some 41% of the blanketing market. This has largely been at the expense of what?
- rayon, acetate, and wool
- Which method of cleaning soiled electric blankets must be used?
- laundering
- backfilled
- Application of sizing to fabrics having relatively low fabric counts; increases fabric weight but not quality
- duplex printing
- Fabric having identical or different design motifs on both sides of the fabric
- duvet
- Comforters filled with down
- fill leakage
- The migration or penetration of the filling material through the outercovering
- futon
- Fold-down beds having flexible mattresses
- kapok
- Natural cellulosic seed fiber used earlier as a filling material
- loftiness
- Characteristic of being bulky without undue weight
- muslin
- Sheeting composed of carded yarns and having fabric counts ranging from 112 to 140p
- percale
- Sheeting composed of fine, combed cotton yarns and having fabric counts ranging from 168 to 220
- pinsonic melding
- Simulated quilting in which a wide cylinder with raised designs is rolled over the multilayer structure while heat and sound waves seal the layers
- sheet casings
- Coverings that protect comforters and duvets from soil accumualtion and abrasion; their releasable closures permit their easy removal for laundering.
- slabs
- Three-dimensional structures composed of synthesized rubber or foamed polyurethane, used as filling for pillows, mattresses, and quilts
- ticking
- Generic name of fabric used as the exterior covering of mattresses; also the fabric name fo a twill-woven fabrfic having lengthwise blue or black stripes.
- trapunto quilting
- Has quilting stitches placed around a single motif in a pattern repeat; the interior of the quilted shape is then filled by inserting batting material through tiny slits cut in the backing fabric
- tufting
- Insertging pile yarns into an laready-formed base fabric; pile yarns are stabilized with adhesive or napping
-
Which of the following choices has fibers that may spolit and crack if repeatedly folded or flexed in the same position?
a. polyester, linen, hemp, wool
b. cotton, linen, sisal, acrylic
c. saran, ramie, polyester, silk
d. linen, ramie - d. linen, ramie, sisal, hemp
-
Which of the following has longer floats that may more readily be snagged?
a. double damask
b. single damask - a. double damask
- When a manufacturer makes reference to the "cut size" of tablecloths and related items, what must appear in labeling?
- the words "cut size" must be presented with the cut dimensions and the dimensions of the finished size must be stated
- beetling
- using large, wooden, hammer-like devices to flatten the cross-sections of yarns in fabrics composed of linen; increases reflection
- double damask
- Tablecloth fabric having relatively long floats; produced using 8 harnesses
- extrusion
- Forcing the polymer solution through the spinneret
- linen
- Bast fiber traditionally used in tabletop accessories
- linens
- General terms used earlier for household textile products composed of linen fiber; today's usage of the term is not governed by fiber composition.
- momie cloth
- Crepe-like fabric having irregular, pebbled surface; used for table coverings in institutional settings.
- mussiness
- Level or degree of wrinkling
- napery
- General terms used for tablecloths and napkins; use has diminished in commerce but still used in labeling rules and standards.
- Nottingham lace
- Machine-made lace used for curtains and doilies
- raffia
- Fiber obtained from the leaves of various species of palm trees.
- silencers
- Thick, flannel-like fabric used to lessen impact force and reduce noise when items are placed on tablecloths
- single damask
- Tablecloth fabric in which the warp yarns interlace with each fifth filling yarn.
- soil release compounds
- Agents used to make hydrophobic fibers more hydrophilic for stain removal
- spunbonding
- Fabrication technique in which filaments are stabilized into a fabric-liek form using heat and/or additiives
- stitch-knitting
- Also knoiwn as knit-sewing; used to secure layers of yarns; may develop runs.