Art History II: midterm review
Terms
undefined, object
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- History Painting
-
- in European academic theory
- a figurative painting
--of a scene from classical mythology, the Bible, the lives of saints or an historical event - Allegorical Figure
- A type of artistic symbolism where figures or objects portray abstract entities such as truth or love
- Naturalistic
- describes art that looks as closely as possible to the appearance of things in the natural world
- Abstract
-
Depicts something from the physical world in a stylized,
simplified,
exaggerated,
distorted,
or symbolic way - non-representational
- art that does not represent a physical object, person, or scene from the natural world
- salon
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A hall or gallery for the exhibition of works of art
-Rousseau - salon des refuses
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exhibition for works that had been submitted and rejected
(manet) - academy
- a school in which art is taught
- Avant-garde
- Artists and their work which stand in the forefront of a movement or of new ideas, often in opposition to established ideas and traditions; art that's ahead of its time, innovative, experimental, heterodox.
- The "Pavilion of Realism"
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protest against the salon
-first avant-garde exhibition
(courbet) - Lithography
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a method of printing
greasy cran on a stone, ink would stick to areas where cran used- could make multiple copies
(Daumier, Toulousse-Lautrec) - A print is a shape or mark made from a block or plate or other object that is covered with wet color (usually ink) and then pressed onto a flat surface, such as paper or textile.
- Linear
- A painting technique in which importance is placed on contours or outlines. (li'nee-er)
- hatching
- Creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines.
- cross-hatching
- Creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines w/ more such lines placed at an angle across them
- palette
- the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a particular artist.
- bourgeoisie
- People of the middle class. Most members of this group are executives and professionals.
- "en Plain air"
-
"in the open air,"
describes paintings that have been executed outdoors, rather than in the studio. - Japonsime
- the influence of Japanese art on Western, primarily French, artists.
- Hausmannization
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transformation of Paris from medieval to modern
- major subject in impressionist mov't - Subjectivity
-
quality of perceptions existing only within the experiencer's mind, but not in reality.
expression of the individuality of an artist.
When applies to color:
color that doesn't neccessarily portray the physical world - Coisonnism
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contour lines filled in w/ thick flat color
(van gogh) - Symbolism
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use of formal elements to express inner reality
(van gogh) - Synthetism
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synthesis of form and color w/ the subject and idea
(van gogh) - Stippling/pointillism
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technique of using dots
(Seurat) - Neo-Impressionism/ Divisionism
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new impressionists w/ scientific views
(seurat) - Expressionism
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when artist purposefully disforms color,form,light, texture, for desired intensification of emotional reaction
(kirchner,nolde,marc, kandinsky) - "Noirs"
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refers to works by Redon
only used black and white his 1st 20 years; felt more expressionistic - Naive Painter/ Sunday Painter
-
not a professional
painted only when not working/ when could
(Rousseau) - Salon des Independents
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juryless exhibition- where anyone could show- became well known but not admired by the public
(Rousseau) - Decoupage
-
colored paper cut out
cut shapes from colored paper then glued to huge pieces of paper
effect: bold and light- hearted; liberating sense
(Matisse) - Woodblock Print
- (Nolde)
- Der Blaue Reiter
-
"The Blue Rider"
a group of german expressionists who felt that art was a search for the spiritual in nature
-they were the first to work non-objectively
-theosophy
(marc, kandinsky) - theosophy
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an objects essence more important than its physical attributes
(Der Blau Reiter) - Biomorphic abstraction
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Paintings referred to as "biomorphic" contain irregular abstract forms based on shapes found in nature.
(kandinsky) - Geometric Abstraction
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based on the use of simple geometric forms placed in nonillusionistic space and combined into nonobjective compositions
-evolved as the logical conclusion of the Cubist destruction and reformulation of the established conventions of form and space.
(kandinsky) - Monochromatic
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Monochromatic colors are all the hues (tints and shades) of a single color.
(Picasso) - Hermetic
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subject representational but object so abstract that it is hard to identify what it is
(picasso and braque) - papier colle
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pasted papers
-similar to collage but no 3D, just bits of torn paper
(Braque) - Trompe L'oeil
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"to fool the eye"
so illusionistic it looks real
(Picasso) - Force Lines
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used by futurists to suggest dynamism
looks like cubism but different b/c futurists fragment space to portray speed and motion
(severini - Dynamism
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Overall concern of futurists of representing speed and motion
(balla,boccioni,severini) - simultaneity
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technique for showing multiple and simultaneous views in time to create feeling of speed and motion
(balla - futurity
- industry as progress
- Primitivism
- tendancy for avant-garde artists to look to non western cultures for inspiration
- Where and during what time did REALISM occur?
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France
~1830s-1872 - Where and during what time did IMPRESSIONISM occur?
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France
*1872-1886 - Where and during what time did POST_IMPRESSIONISM occur?
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France
~1886-1905 - Where and during what time did SYMBOLISM occur?
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France,Austria,Norway,Belgium
1885-~1900 - Where and during what time did FAUVISM occur?
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mainly France
*1905-1908 - Where and during what time did GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM occur?
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Germany
*1905-1914 - Where and during what time did CUBISM occur?
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France
*1907-... - Where and during what time did FUTURISM occur?
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Italy
*1910-1914 - Which artists were realists?
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-Courbet
-Millet
-Daumier
-Manet - Which artists were considered Impressionists?
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-Monet
-Renoir
-Caillebott
-Degas
-Cassatt
-Morisot - Which artists were considered Post-Impressionists?
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-Cezanne
-Seurat
-Van Gogh
-Gauguin
-Toulouse-Lautrec - Which artists were considered symboists?
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-Rousseau
-Much
-Ensor - Which artists were considered Fauvists?
- -Matisse
- Which artists were considered German Expressionists?
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-Nolde
-Kirchner
-Kandinsky
-Marc
-Kollwitz
-Grosz
-Dix
-Beckmann - Which artists were part of Die Brucke?
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-Kirchner
-Nolde - Which artists were part of Der Blau Rieter?
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Kandinsky
Marc - Who was considered the leader of Die Brucke?
- Kirchner
- Who was considered the leader of Der Blau Rieter?
- Kandinsky
- Who were considered analytic post-impressionists?
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Cezanne
Seurat - describe the analytic post-impressionist style
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intellectual, rational, analytical
-new ways to portray the external
-objective: decorative structure pleasing to the eye - Who were considered expressionistic post-impressionists?
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-van gogh
-gauguin
-toulouse-Lautrec - describe the expressionistic post-impressionist style
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-painted internal reality
-subjective element: artist's personal response to subject matter - What is analytic Cubism?
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Analytic cubists reduced natural forms to their basic geometric parts and then tried to reconcile these essentially 3D parts with the 2D picture plane.
(picasso - what was the 1st analytic cubist painting ever made?
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Picasso's
"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" - What is Synthetic Cubism?
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to take peices to make something; to build up form from various elements
-collage: incorporate other materials
-or painting that looks like a collage - What was the 1st synthetic cubist painting ever made?
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Picasso's
"Still life with chair caning" - Who is considered to be the first realist artist?
- Courbet
- What is considered to be the first impressionist painting?
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Monet's
"Impression:Sunrise" - What was the first avant-garde movement?
- Realism
- Who was the first artist to create completely non- representational paintings?
- Kirchner
- Who was associated with the salon des independents?
- Rousseau
- Which realist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Daumier's
"The Third Class Carriage"
-Courbet's
"A Burial at Ornans"
-Manet's
"Olympia" - Which Impressionist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Monet's
"Impression: Sunrise"
-Renoir's
"Moulin de la Galette"
-Degas'
"The Tub"
-Morisot's
"Hide and Seek" - Which Post-Impressionist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Seurat's
"A sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte"
-Cezanne's
"Still life w/ a basket of apples"
-Van Gogh's
"Starry Night"
-Gauguin's
"Vision After the Sermon (Jacob wrestling the angel)"
-Toulouse-Lautrec's
"Moulin-Rouge-- La Goulue - Which symbolist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Rousseau's
"The Sleeping Gypsy"
-Munch's
"The Scream"
-Ensor's
"The entry of christ into brussels" - Which fauvist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Matisse's
"Le Bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life)"
"Harmony in Red (The Dessert) - Which Die Brucke paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Nolde's
"The Last Supper"
-Kirchner's
"Street,Dresden" - Which Der Blau Reiter paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Kandinsky's
"Sketch for Composition II"
-Marc's
"The Large Blue Horses" - Which cubist painting do you need to know for the exam?
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-Braque's
"Violin and Palette" - Which synthetic cubist- surrealist inspired painting do you need to know for the exam?
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-Picasso's
"Guernica" - Which futurist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
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-Balla's
"Dynamism of Dog on a Lease (Leash in Motion)"
-Boccioni's
"Unique forms of continuity of space" - orientalism
- describes fascination french culture had with near east