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Art History II: midterm review

Terms

undefined, object
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History Painting
- in European academic theory
- a figurative painting
--of a scene from classical mythology, the Bible, the lives of saints or an historical event
Allegorical Figure
A type of artistic symbolism where figures or objects portray abstract entities such as truth or love
Naturalistic
describes art that looks as closely as possible to the appearance of things in the natural world
Abstract
Depicts something from the physical world in a stylized,
simplified,
exaggerated,
distorted,
or symbolic way
non-representational
art that does not represent a physical object, person, or scene from the natural world
salon
A hall or gallery for the exhibition of works of art
-Rousseau
salon des refuses
exhibition for works that had been submitted and rejected
(manet)
academy
a school in which art is taught
Avant-garde
Artists and their work which stand in the forefront of a movement or of new ideas, often in opposition to established ideas and traditions; art that's ahead of its time, innovative, experimental, heterodox.
The "Pavilion of Realism"
protest against the salon
-first avant-garde exhibition
(courbet)
Lithography
a method of printing
greasy cran on a stone, ink would stick to areas where cran used- could make multiple copies
(Daumier, Toulousse-Lautrec)
Print
A print is a shape or mark made from a block or plate or other object that is covered with wet color (usually ink) and then pressed onto a flat surface, such as paper or textile.
Linear
A painting technique in which importance is placed on contours or outlines. (li'nee-er)
hatching
Creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines.
cross-hatching
Creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines w/ more such lines placed at an angle across them
palette
the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a particular artist.
bourgeoisie
People of the middle class. Most members of this group are executives and professionals.
"en Plain air"
"in the open air,"
describes paintings that have been executed outdoors, rather than in the studio.
Japonsime
the influence of Japanese art on Western, primarily French, artists.
Hausmannization
transformation of Paris from medieval to modern
- major subject in impressionist mov't
Subjectivity
quality of perceptions existing only within the experiencer's mind, but not in reality.
expression of the individuality of an artist.
When applies to color:
color that doesn't neccessarily portray the physical world
Coisonnism
contour lines filled in w/ thick flat color
(van gogh)
Symbolism
use of formal elements to express inner reality
(van gogh)
Synthetism
synthesis of form and color w/ the subject and idea
(van gogh)
Stippling/pointillism
technique of using dots
(Seurat)
Neo-Impressionism/ Divisionism
new impressionists w/ scientific views
(seurat)
Expressionism
when artist purposefully disforms color,form,light, texture, for desired intensification of emotional reaction
(kirchner,nolde,marc, kandinsky)
"Noirs"
refers to works by Redon
only used black and white his 1st 20 years; felt more expressionistic
Naive Painter/ Sunday Painter
not a professional
painted only when not working/ when could
(Rousseau)
Salon des Independents
juryless exhibition- where anyone could show- became well known but not admired by the public
(Rousseau)
Decoupage
colored paper cut out
cut shapes from colored paper then glued to huge pieces of paper
effect: bold and light- hearted; liberating sense
(Matisse)
Woodblock Print
(Nolde)
Der Blaue Reiter
"The Blue Rider"
a group of german expressionists who felt that art was a search for the spiritual in nature
-they were the first to work non-objectively
-theosophy
(marc, kandinsky)
theosophy
an objects essence more important than its physical attributes
(Der Blau Reiter)
Biomorphic abstraction
Paintings referred to as "biomorphic" contain irregular abstract forms based on shapes found in nature.
(kandinsky)
Geometric Abstraction
based on the use of simple geometric forms placed in nonillusionistic space and combined into nonobjective compositions
-evolved as the logical conclusion of the Cubist destruction and reformulation of the established conventions of form and space.
(kandinsky)
Monochromatic
Monochromatic colors are all the hues (tints and shades) of a single color.
(Picasso)
Hermetic
subject representational but object so abstract that it is hard to identify what it is
(picasso and braque)
papier colle
pasted papers
-similar to collage but no 3D, just bits of torn paper
(Braque)
Trompe L'oeil
"to fool the eye"
so illusionistic it looks real
(Picasso)
Force Lines
used by futurists to suggest dynamism
looks like cubism but different b/c futurists fragment space to portray speed and motion
(severini
Dynamism
Overall concern of futurists of representing speed and motion
(balla,boccioni,severini)
simultaneity
technique for showing multiple and simultaneous views in time to create feeling of speed and motion
(balla
futurity
industry as progress
Primitivism
tendancy for avant-garde artists to look to non western cultures for inspiration
Where and during what time did REALISM occur?
France
~1830s-1872
Where and during what time did IMPRESSIONISM occur?
France
*1872-1886
Where and during what time did POST_IMPRESSIONISM occur?
France
~1886-1905
Where and during what time did SYMBOLISM occur?
France,Austria,Norway,Belgium
1885-~1900
Where and during what time did FAUVISM occur?
mainly France
*1905-1908
Where and during what time did GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM occur?
Germany
*1905-1914
Where and during what time did CUBISM occur?
France
*1907-...
Where and during what time did FUTURISM occur?
Italy
*1910-1914
Which artists were realists?
-Courbet
-Millet
-Daumier
-Manet
Which artists were considered Impressionists?
-Monet
-Renoir
-Caillebott
-Degas
-Cassatt
-Morisot
Which artists were considered Post-Impressionists?
-Cezanne
-Seurat
-Van Gogh
-Gauguin
-Toulouse-Lautrec
Which artists were considered symboists?
-Rousseau
-Much
-Ensor
Which artists were considered Fauvists?
-Matisse
Which artists were considered German Expressionists?
-Nolde
-Kirchner
-Kandinsky
-Marc
-Kollwitz
-Grosz
-Dix
-Beckmann
Which artists were part of Die Brucke?
-Kirchner
-Nolde
Which artists were part of Der Blau Rieter?
Kandinsky
Marc
Who was considered the leader of Die Brucke?
Kirchner
Who was considered the leader of Der Blau Rieter?
Kandinsky
Who were considered analytic post-impressionists?
Cezanne
Seurat
describe the analytic post-impressionist style
intellectual, rational, analytical
-new ways to portray the external

-objective: decorative structure pleasing to the eye
Who were considered expressionistic post-impressionists?
-van gogh
-gauguin
-toulouse-Lautrec
describe the expressionistic post-impressionist style
-painted internal reality

-subjective element: artist's personal response to subject matter
What is analytic Cubism?
Analytic cubists reduced natural forms to their basic geometric parts and then tried to reconcile these essentially 3D parts with the 2D picture plane.
(picasso
what was the 1st analytic cubist painting ever made?
Picasso's
"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"
What is Synthetic Cubism?
to take peices to make something; to build up form from various elements
-collage: incorporate other materials
-or painting that looks like a collage
What was the 1st synthetic cubist painting ever made?
Picasso's
"Still life with chair caning"
Who is considered to be the first realist artist?
Courbet
What is considered to be the first impressionist painting?
Monet's
"Impression:Sunrise"
What was the first avant-garde movement?
Realism
Who was the first artist to create completely non- representational paintings?
Kirchner
Who was associated with the salon des independents?
Rousseau
Which realist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Daumier's
"The Third Class Carriage"
-Courbet's
"A Burial at Ornans"
-Manet's
"Olympia"
Which Impressionist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Monet's
"Impression: Sunrise"
-Renoir's
"Moulin de la Galette"
-Degas'
"The Tub"
-Morisot's
"Hide and Seek"
Which Post-Impressionist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Seurat's
"A sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte"
-Cezanne's
"Still life w/ a basket of apples"
-Van Gogh's
"Starry Night"
-Gauguin's
"Vision After the Sermon (Jacob wrestling the angel)"
-Toulouse-Lautrec's
"Moulin-Rouge-- La Goulue
Which symbolist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Rousseau's
"The Sleeping Gypsy"
-Munch's
"The Scream"
-Ensor's
"The entry of christ into brussels"
Which fauvist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Matisse's
"Le Bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life)"
"Harmony in Red (The Dessert)
Which Die Brucke paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Nolde's
"The Last Supper"
-Kirchner's
"Street,Dresden"
Which Der Blau Reiter paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Kandinsky's
"Sketch for Composition II"
-Marc's
"The Large Blue Horses"
Which cubist painting do you need to know for the exam?
-Braque's
"Violin and Palette"
Which synthetic cubist- surrealist inspired painting do you need to know for the exam?
-Picasso's
"Guernica"
Which futurist paintings do you need to know for the exam?
-Balla's
"Dynamism of Dog on a Lease (Leash in Motion)"
-Boccioni's
"Unique forms of continuity of space"
orientalism
describes fascination french culture had with near east

Deck Info

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