Fungi!
Terms
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- what is blastoconidia
- asexual fungal spore of Blastocy
- what dz are caused by inhalation of asexual spores
- cocci and histo
- describe difft forms of candida
- in cx its a budding yeast with pseudohyphae, germ tube formation at 37 degrees
- what does dimorphic mean? ex?
-
cold=mold (soil)
heat=yeast (tissue)
ex: histo, para, blasto - cocci in tissue is...
- a spherule (not a yeast)
- captain's wheel appearance
- para
- risk for histo?
- bird and bat droppings
- in histology slide where do you look for histo
- intracellular yeast, often in macrophages
- caused by Malassezia furfur
- tinea versicolor
- hypopigmented skin lesions in hut humid climate
- tinea versicolor
- treatment tinea versicolo
- topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun)
- describe tinea nigra
- brownish spot caused by infxn of keratinized layer of skin
- what causes tinea nigra
- Cladosporium werneckii
- tx tinea nigra
- salycilic acid topically
- what are the dermatophytes
- Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
- which dermatophytes cause skin? nails? hair?
-
nails-tricho or epidermo
hair-tricho or microspor
skin-all 3
in other words
tricho=all
epidermo=skin and nails
microsporum=hair and skin - what see in tinea pedis cx
- mold hyphae in KOH prep (not dimorphic)
- reservoir for Microsporum
- pets
- name the systemic mycoses
- cocci, histo, paracocci, blasto
- name 4 opport fungal
- candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus, mucor and rhizopus
- cx of Asperg
- mold (only) with septate hyphae branching "V" shape
- cx Mucor
- irregular, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angle
- cx Cryptococcus
- heavily encapsulated yeast (wide halo) narrow based unequal budding, stain w India ink, but can use latex agglut detecting capsular Ag
- who do you see Mucor in
- DKA, leukemia
- shows unequal budding
- Sporothrix
- describe illness of Sporothrix
- local pustule or ulcer with nodules leading to ascending lymphangitis
- protozoa found as cysts in water
- Entamoeba, Giardia, Crypto
- what are the 2 Cypto orgs
-
Cryptococcus neoformans=fungus
Cryptosporidium=protozoa - transmission toxoplasma
- cysts in meat or cat feces
- how dx toxo
- serology
- tx toxoplasma
- sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
- trichomonas vaginalis dx, tx
- trophozoites on wet mount, tx with Met
- trypansoma gambiense or rhodesiense, transmit, dz, tx
-
African sleeping
transmit by Tsetse fly
tx: suramin (for CNS penetration need melarsoprol) - Leishmania donovani, transmit and dx and tx
-
transmit- sandfly
dx-macro with amastigotes
tx-Na stibogluconate - what does Ixodes tick transmit
- Babesia (Babesiosis) and Lyme
- Naegleria (transmit, dz, dx, tx)
-
get from swimming in freshwater lakes, produces rapidly fatal meningitis. dx amebas in spinal fluid.
no tx - Chagas caused by what bug? tx?
-
Trypanosoma cruzi,
transmit via reduvid bug
tx with Nifurtimox - sandfly transmits
-
Leishmania
deer fly=Loa loa
tsetse fly=Chagas
female blackfly=Onchocerca volvulus - deer fly transmits
-
Loa loa
sandfly=Leishmania
tsetse fly=Chagas
female blackfly=Onchocerca volvulus - anopheles transmit
- (mosquito) malaria
- PBS maltese cross? tx?
- Babesia, tx with quinine or clinda
-
difft protozoal diarrheas and tx
RUQ pain:
smelly:
mild: -
RUQ pain:Entamoeba
smelly: giardia
mild:Cryptosporid (except in HIV)
all tx with Met exc Cryptospor which is not tx - Taenia Solium (transmit, dz, tx)
-
undercooked pork tapeworm, larvae cause mass lesions in brain, cysitcercosis
tx: Praziquantel/niclosamide but for cysticercosis use albendazole - watch out bird droppings
- fungus Histoplasmosis (also bat), Cryptococcus (pigeon droppings and soil)
- watch out for cats
-
cats/dogs-Pasteurella
cat feces-protozoa Toxoplasma (dog feces protozoa Echinococcus granulosus and bac Yersinia Entercolitis) - deer dz's
-
Lyme, Francisella (deer and rabbits)
[Brucella other animals] - difft 2 vaginitis
-
both smelly, yucky!
bac gardnerella vaginalis: nonpainful, see clue cells, tx Met
protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis: itching and burnins, dx by trophozoites on wet mount, also tx Met - Echinococcus granulosus(transmit, dz, tx)
-
eggs in dog feces
cysts in liver, anaphylaxis if those Ag's are released
Albendazole - another name for tapeworms
- cestodes
- name 2 cestodes
- Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus
- another name flukes
- trematodes
- name 3 trematodes
- Schistosoma, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani
- another name round worms
- nematodes
- name some nematodes
- Strongyloides, Trichinella, Dracunculus, Loa loa, Onchocerca, Toxocara, Wucheria
- hookworm
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- giant round worm
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- pin worm
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Ancylostoma duodenale (transmit, dz, tx)
-
=hookworm a nematode
larvae penetrate feet,
intestinal infxn (inc anemia)
Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate - Schistosoma(transmit, dz, tx)
-
=a trematode
snails are host, cercariae penetrate skin
spleen, liver granulomas, fibrosis, inflamm
Praziquantel - Clonorchis sinesis(transmit, dz, tx)
-
=a trematode (fluke)
undercooked fish
inflamm biliary tract
praziquantel - Paragonimus Westermani (transmit, dz, tx)
-
=trematode (fluke)
undercooked crab meat
lung inflamm and 2 bac infxn
praziquantel - Ascaris lumbricoides (transmit, dz, tx)
-
=giant round worm a nematode
eggs visible in feces,
causes intestinal infxn
Mebend/pyrantel pamoate - Strongyloides Stercoralis(transmit, dz, tx)
-
a nematode
larve in soil penetrate skin
intestinal infxn
ivermectin/thiabendazole - Trichinella spiralis(transmit, dz, tx)
-
a nematode
undercooked meat, usu pork
inflamm mscl, periorbital edema
thiabendazole - Dracunculus medinensis(transmit, dz, tx)
-
a nematode
drinking water
skin inflamm, ulcer
niridazole - Loa loa(transmit, dz, tx)
-
a nematode
deer fly
swelling in skin (worm in conjunctiva)
diethylcarbamazine - Onchocerca volvulus(transmit, dz, tx)
-
female black fly
river blindness
ivermectin - causes river blindness? transmitted by?
- onchocerca volvulus, female black fly
- Toxocara canis
-
a nematode
food contam w eggs
granulomas (if in retina blindness) and visceral larva migrans
diethylcarbamazine - Weshceria bancrofti
-
a nematode
female mosquito
elephantiasis
diethylcarbamazine - helminth micro anemia
- Ancylostoma, Necator
- helminth hemoptysis
- Paragonimus westermani
- hematuria helminth
- Schistosoma (also bladder cancer and portal HTN)
- helminth biliary tract problems
- Clonorchis sinensis
- B12 defic
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- various mosquitos
-
anopheles=malaria
female=ELephantiasis